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  1. Sequential injection-electrocoagulation vs. traditional electrocoagulation haemostasis during endoscopic submucosal dissection: a randomized controlled trial
    Ma ZY, Yang Z, Liu J, Peng X, Nie XB, Qi PP, et al.
    Surg Endosc, 2025 Jul;39(7):4633-4640.
    PMID: 40379855 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-025-11772-8
    BACKGROUND: Electrocoagulation with an electrosurgical knife is the traditional approach to achieve haemostasis during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), as bleeding may obscure the operative field and increase the risks of muscle injury and perforation.

    AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the sequential injection-electrocoagulation procedure during ESD.

    METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 69 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal ESD were randomized to either the control group (traditional electrocoagulation) or the experimental group ("Sequential injection-electrocoagulation" method) from September 2023 to June 2024. Two endoscopists scored the visibility of each bleeding point from 1 (undetectable) to 4 (easily detectable).

    RESULTS: The median time to haemostasis at each bleeding point was 17 (11-23) seconds in the experimental group and 22 (14.5-41) seconds in the control group (P 

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