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Compliance of Private Primary Health Care Facilities Towards Requirements of Labelling of Dispensed Medicine in Sarawak

Loo SC, Said LN, Nakaswaram L, Hui LY, Ming YE, Talin BAA

Curr Drug Saf, 2021 Oct 06.
PMID: 34620068 DOI: 10.2174/1574886316666211006113948

BACKGROUND: Compliance towards the requirements of labelling of dispensed medicine (LDM) among private primary health care facilities ensures appropriate use of medicines.
AIM: This study aimed to examine the rate of compliance towards the requirements of LDM among retail pharmacies (RPs) and private medical clinics (PMCs).
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 to January 2020 across all inspected premises in Sarawak. Publics who attended RPs and PMCs and having medicines dispensed, have their medicine labels examined for compliance towards the requirements of LDM upon exiting the premises. Their verbal consents were obtained and the compliance score were recorded into self-developed data collection forms. Compliance rate was the percentage of requirements on the examined medicine labels that fulfil the requirements under Regulation 12 of Poisons Regulations 1952.
RESULTS: A total of 414 LDM were examined, with 135 from RPs and 279 from PMCs. The full compliance towards the requirements of LDM among RPs and PMCs were 23.7% and 41.6%, respectively. The median compliance score of PMCs (0.83) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than RPs (0.67). The requirements of LDM with the lowest compliance was name of medicine (53.1%), followed by name of patient (31.9%) and date of dispensing (25.6%).
CONCLUSION: The full compliance rate on the requirements of LDM among RPs and PMCs were low. More stringent enforcement and public education on their rights for fully compliant medicine labels could improve the compliance.
Psychological well-being among government pharmacy staff in Sarawak and the associating factors

Loo SC, Ting CY, Said LN, Mohamad NB, Abd Jabar AHAB

Int J Occup Saf Ergon, 2024 Sep;30(3):704-710.
PMID: 38528840 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2327221

Objectives. Studies have highlighted that healthcare workers are exposed to various forms of psychological distress. This study aimed to assess the psychological well-being of pharmacy staff during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associating factors. Methods. The cross-sectional study explored the psychological well-being of pharmacy staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. An adopted questionnaire was employed to collect quantitative data from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021. Results. A total of 515 respondents were recruited. Those who perceived good health status were 1.9 times more likely to have normal depression scores (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.53; B = -0.64), and 2.4 times (RRR = 0.41; B = -0.88) more likely to have normal stress scores. Those who were greatly affected by COVID-19 in their work were found to be 1.2 times (RRR = 1.20; B = 0.18) more likely to have moderate anxiety scores and 1.44 times (RRR = 1.44; B = 0.36) more likely to have severe depression scores. Respondents with higher work characteristic scores were more likely to have normal depression, stress and anxiety scores. Conclusions. Good health status perception and work characteristics appeared to be the factors affecting respondents' scores in all dimensions of psychological well-being. Hence, improving both domains will be key in improving overall psychological well-being.
Knowledge, Perception, and Practices on the Labelling of Dispensed Medicine among Community Pharmacists and General Practitioners in the state of Sarawak, Malaysia

Bin Said LN, Chyi LS, Anak Talin BA, Foo Khiong AL, Mohamad Rosli IAB, Pei Sze JL, et al.

Curr Drug Saf, 2023 Mar 03.
PMID: 36872362 DOI: 10.2174/1574886318666230303141522

BACKGROUND: The labelling of dispensed medicines (LDM) ensures that optimum therapy is achieved, and medication errors are prevented. In Malaysia, LDM is enforced under Poisons Act 1952.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the knowledge, perception, and practices of community pharmacists (CP) and general practitioners (GP) on LDM.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 until March 2020 among CP and GP practising in Sarawak, Malaysia. Sample sizes were 90 and 150 for CP and GP, respectively. A self-administered structured questionnaire which was pre-tested and pilot-tested was employed to explore the knowledge and perception. Practices were assessed by having participants prepare dispensed medicine labels (DML) using simulated patients and prescriptions.
RESULTS: 250 participants; 96 CP and 154 GP participated. While most of them perceived that they know the requirements of LDM (n=244; 97.6%), their median knowledge score was poor (57.1%). The median knowledge score of CP (66.7%) was significantly higher (P=0.004) than GP (50.0%). The majority of participants perceived that LDM is important (n= 237; 94.8%) and necessary (n=239; 95.6%%) and perceived that poor compliance to the requirements would lead to medication errors (n=243; 97.2%). Although their knowledge was poor, their median practice score (100.0%) was excellent. There was no correlation between knowledge and perception with the practice on LDM.
CONCLUSION: The majority of CP and GP perceived that LDM is important. Interestingly, although their knowledge of the requirements of LDM was poor, their practices were good. (236 words).

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