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  1. Waziri PM, Abdullah R, Rosli R, Omar AR, Abdul AB, Kassim NK, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2018 Apr 25;19(4):917-922.
    PMID: 29693341
    Clausena excavata Burm f. is used by traditional healers to treat cancer patients in South East Asia. The use of the
    plant and its compounds is based on Asian folklore with little or no scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic efficacy
    The current study aimed to determine the effect of pure clausenidin isolated from C. excavata on caspase-8-induced cell
    death as well as angiogenesis in the HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Caspase-8 and extrinsic death receptor
    protein expression was determined using spectrophotometry and protein profile arrays, respectively. Ultrastructural
    analysis of clausenidin-treated cells was conducted using transmission electron microscopy. In addition, anti-angiogenic
    effects of clausenidin were investigated by Western blot analysis. Clausenidin significantly (p<0.05) increased the
    activity of caspase-8 and expression of protein components of the death inducing signaling complex (DISC) in HepG2
    cells. Ultrastructural analysis of the clausenidin-treated HepG2 cells revealed morphological abnormalities typical of
    apoptosis. Furthermore, clausenidin significantly (p<0.05) decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth
    factor (VEGF). Therefore, clausenidin is a potential anti-angiogenic agent which may induce apoptosis of hepatocellular
    carcinoma cells.
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