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  1. Fulltext A systematic review on extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis from 2009 to 2020: special emphases on treatment outcomes
    Shiromwar SS, Khan AH, Chidrawar V
    Rev Esp Quimioter, 2023 Feb;36(1):30-44.
    PMID: 36503203 DOI: 10.37201/req/029.2022
    OBJECTIVE: Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has raised a great threat to human health globally, especially in developing countries. The objective of the present study is to collate and contrast the proportions of treatment outcome in the previously published XDR-TB articles.

    METHODS: By considering inclusion criteria and search engines, a total of 22 articles were enrolled.

    RESULTS: Our findings revealed that the overall favorable treatment outcome was 24.04%. From the cohort of enrolled studies 19.76% (397) and 43.35% (871) patients were cured and died respectively. In 90.9% of enrolled articles, the investigators performed drug-susceptibility testing at the baseline. The overall treatment outcome was improved by the use of new drugs (linezolid, bedaquiline, ciprofloxacin, clofazimine) in the treatment regimen of XDR-TB showing linezolid and bedaquiline better results i.e. 59.44 and 78.88%, respectively. Moreover, use of antiretroviral treatment in XDR-TB patients with HIV infection have not shown any significant difference in the treatment outcome.

    CONCLUSIONS: XDR-TB treatment success can be achieved by implying standardized definitions, upgraded diagnostic procedures, and novel drugs.

  2. A critical review of risk factors influencing the prevalence of extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis in India
    Khan AH, Nagoba BS, Shiromwar SS
    Int J Mycobacteriol, 2023;12(4):372-379.
    PMID: 38149530 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_143_23
    Globally, extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a major element to cause morbidity and death among tuberculosis patients. The present study identifies the vital risk variables contributing to XDR-TB prevalence in India. Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were searched thoroughly for the articles, using medical subject heading as a key term published between the years 2012 and 2022. According to the inclusion criteria, 11 publications were selected. Socioeconomic characteristics include employment, educational attainment, undernourishment, and the rest, and demographic factors such as gender, age, and more. Were examined in the review, whereas alcoholics, smoking, and diabetes mellitus were investigated under comorbidities and behavioral risk factors. We observed that noncompliance, poor knowledge, and insufficient health-care facilities could significantly accelerate the spread of XDR-TB, and the present review imparts a remarkable and detailed evaluation of XDR-TB. The study analysis is markedly useful for policymakers as well as researchers to discover and implement effective solutions for tuberculosis-infected patients.
  3. Multi-faceted Anti-obesity Effects of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Modulators: Central-Peripheral Crosstalk
    Shiromwar SS, Chidrawar VR, Singh S, Chitme HR, Maheshwari R, Sultana S
    J Mol Neurosci, 2024 Jan 19;74(1):13.
    PMID: 38240858 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02178-z
    Hypothalamus is central to food intake and satiety. Recent data unveiled the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) on hypothalamic neurons and their interaction with GABAA and serotoninergic neuronal circuits. However, the precise mechanisms governing energy homeostasis remain elusive. Notably, in females, the consumption of progesterone-containing preparations, such as hormonal replacement therapy and birth control pills, has been associated with hyperphagia and obesity-effects mediated through the hypothalamus. To elucidate this phenomenon, we employed the progesterone-induced obesity model in female Swiss albino mice. Four NMDAR modulators were selected viz. dextromethorphan (Dxt), minocycline, d-aspartate, and cycloserine. Obesity was induced in female mice by progesterone administration for 4 weeks. Mice were allocated into 7 groups, group-1 as vehicle control (arachis oil), group-2 (progesterone + arachis oil), and group-3 as positive-control (progesterone + sibutramine); other groups were treated with test drugs + progesterone. Various parameters were recorded like food intake, thermogenesis, serum lipids, insulin, AST and ALT levels, organ-to-body weight ratio, total body fat, adiposity index, brain serotonin levels, histology of liver, kidney, and sizing of fat cells. Dxt-treated group has shown a significant downturn in body weight (p 
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