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  1. Sihombing CA, Astuti SD, Arifianto D, Yaqubi AK, Zaidan AH, Nurdin DZI, et al.
    Lasers Med Sci, 2025 Feb 07;40(1):76.
    PMID: 39918643 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-025-04321-1
    This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a 405 nm laser and two photosensitizers derived from silver nanoparticles, red onion extract, and shallot peel extract, comparing their effectiveness against Candida albicans. Candida albicans causes candidiasis, which requires effective, chemical-free treatment methods. PDT offers promise in this regard. The samples were divided into four groups: B1 (silver nanoparticles from red onion extract at concentrations of 1 mM, 1.5 mM, and 2 mM), A1 and A2 (fungus samples irradiated with a 405 nm laser at varying times and concentrations), and B2 (silver nanoparticles from shallot peel extract at the same concentrations). After each photosensitizer exposure, the fungi were subjected to radiation for 90-180 s. Following incubation, optical density (OD) was measured, and Tukey's Post Hoc Test (p 
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