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  1. Achdiat PA, Suwarsa O, Hidayat YM, Shafiee MN, Dwiyana RF, Gunawan H, et al.
    Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2023 Dec 31;19(1):2187591.
    PMID: 36942667 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2187591
    Anogenital Warts (AGWs) are benign proliferations caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection on the genital or anal areas. Various therapeutic options are available for the treatment of AGWs but there is no best or ideal therapy, and the recurrence of AGWs is significantly high. A promising new therapy that is currently being evaluated is immunotherapy with the intralesional Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Two cases of a 23-year-old woman and a 41-year-old man were presented with manifestations of condyloma acuminata type AGWs. The patients were immunocompetent and received single dose intralesional BCG vaccine on the largest lesion. Clinical improvements of AGWs lesions were noted starting on the 14th day after receiving therapy by the disappearance of some lesions with no recurrence and side effects. Intralesional BCG vaccine activates the immune system, treats other AGWs lesions that do not receive an intralesional injection, and also prevents recurrence. Although the intralesional BCG vaccine is effective for treating AGWs, further evaluation is still needed for its recurrence.
  2. Chow S, Seow CS, Dizon MV, Godse K, Foong H, Chan V, et al.
    Asia Pac Allergy, 2018 Oct;8(4):e41.
    PMID: 30402408 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2018.8.e41
    Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin condition among Asians. Recent studies have shown that Asian AD has a unique clinical and immunologic phenotype compared with European/American AD.

    Objective: The Asian Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Expert Panel on Atopic Dermatitis developed this reference guide to provide a holistic and evidence-based approach in managing AD among Asians.

    Methods: Electronic searches were performed to retrieve relevant systematic reviews and guidelines on AD. Recommendations were appraised for level of evidence and strength of recommendation based on the U.K. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network guidelines. These practice points were based on the consensus recommendations discussed during the Asia Pacific Meeting of Experts in Dermatology held in Bali, Indonesia in October 2016 and April 2017.

    Results: The Expert Panel recommends an approach to treatment based on disease severity. The use of moisturizers is recommended across all levels of AD severity, while topical steroids are recommended only for flares not controlled by conventional skin care and moisturizers. Causes of waning efficacy must be explored before using topical corticosteroids of higher potency. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are recommended for patients who have become recalcitrant to steroid, in chronic uninterrupted use, and when there is steroid atrophy, or when there is a need to treat sensitive areas and pediatric patients. Systemic steroids have a limited role in AD treatment and should be avoided if possible. Educational programs that allow a patient-centered approach in AD management are recommended as an adjunct to conventional therapies. Recommendations on the use of phototherapy, systemic drugs, and emerging treatments are also included.

    Conclusion: The management of AD among Asians requires a holistic approach, integrating evidence-based treatments while considering accessibility and cultural acceptability.

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