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  1. Wei NS, Praharaj SK
    Indian J Psychiatry, 2020 1 4;61(6):598-604.
    PMID: 31896866 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_208_19
    Background: The relationship between chronotypes and sleeping problems is not clear. The objective of the study was to identify the relative occurrence of chronotypes among college students and to explore adult psychological morbidity and childhood sleeping problems across chronotypes.

    Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty undergraduate medical students were assigned into different chronotypes by Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and they were further assessed using Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Parasomnia Questionnaire (adapted from the Adult Sleep Disorders Questionnaire), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

    Results: Intermediate chronotype was the most common, seen in 87 (58%) students, followed by evening type in 34 (22.7%). Evening types have more difficulties in making a decision, becoming exhausted more easily and feeling worthless than other chronotypes. Evening-oriented students showed a significantly higher frequency of initial insomnia and poorer overall sleep quality than the other groups. The current bedwetting was more in evening types; there was no difference in any other current and childhood parasomnias.

    Conclusions: Evening chronotypes had greater difficulty in decision-making, and they were more vulnerable to feel worthless. No significant association was found between childhood parasomnias and chronotypes except persistent bedwetting during adulthood in evening types.

  2. Sivanandy P, Jun PH, Man LW, Wei NS, Mun NFK, Yii CAJ, et al.
    J Infect Public Health, 2022 Jan 21;15(3):285-292.
    PMID: 35085865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.01.005
    BACKGROUND: The Ebola virus has started to infect humans from time to time since then and has led to several outbreaks. Due to urbanisation growth, invasion of forested areas, and close interaction with wildlife animals, the spread of the Ebola virus has caused the deadliest diseases to animals and humans. To date, the Ebola virus disease (EVD) claimed many lives of human beings and a greater number of cases were observed in the African region. Hence, a review was carried out to analyse the trends in EVD outbreaks, morbidity and mortality among EVD patients, efficacy and safety of drugs approved for the treatment of EVD.

    METHOD: The literature on EVD outbreaks, safety, and efficacy of EVD drugs were searched on Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar using the MeSH terms such as ̈Ebola, Ebola virus disease, Outbreak, Epidemic, Safety, Efficacy, for the period of 2016-2020. In addition to that. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), US Food & Drug Administration, and UpToDate websites also searched for the latest reports, guidelines, approved drugs, etc. RESULTS: There are only a few treatment options available for EVD to date, the most commonly used drugs for EVD are ZMapp, Inmazeb, and Ebanga. The review found that among these three drugs, ZMapp Plus is superior in the treatment of EVD with the current standard of care of 91.2%. INMAZEB when given at a 3 ml/kg IV dose reduced the mortality rate by 17% in subjects with EVD. Ebanga has shown a mortality rate of 35.1% when given a 50 mg/kg single IV dose. The most observed adverse effects were fever, tachycardia, diarrhoea, vomiting, hypotension, tachypnea, and chills.

    CONCLUSION: Overall, Inmazeb is the preferred drug of choice over ZMapp or other drugs for the treatment of EVD, and Ebanga is a choice in patients with cardiovascular complications. In addition to that, supportive care is very essential to control the mortality rate.

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