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  1. Emergence and spread in Taiwan of multidrug-resistant serotypes of nontyphoidal Salmonella
    Tiew WT, Janapatla RP, Chang YJ, Chen YC, Yang HP, Su LH, et al.
    Infection, 2022 Jan 11.
    PMID: 35018587 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01736-0
    PURPOSE: Antimicrobial resistance of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a threat to public health worldwide.

    METHODS: A study on longitudinally collected NTS isolates from a medical center in Taiwan from 2011 to 2019 was undertaken. The multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensively drug resistance (XDR) phenotypes were determined according to internationally used definitions. Molecular serotyping was performed on the resistant NTS.

    RESULTS: Notably 16.1% (870/5412) of the isolates were MDR, while XDR accounted for 2.1% (111/5412). Both MDR and XDR NTS have increased significantly from 2011 to 2019, especially from 2015 to 2017 (MDR from 9.6% in 2015 to 23.1% 2017; XDR from 1.4% in 2016 to 4.7% in 2017). S. Anatum was the commonest NTS serotype expressing MDR and XDR, in 256/559 (45.8%) and 81/111 (73.0%) of the isolates, respectively, followed by S. Typhimurium and S. Goldcoast. Children 

  2. Fulltext Female chromosome X mosaicism is age-related and preferentially affects the inactivated X chromosome
    Machiela MJ, Zhou W, Karlins E, Sampson JN, Freedman ND, Yang Q, et al.
    Nat Commun, 2016 06 13;7:11843.
    PMID: 27291797 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11843
    To investigate large structural clonal mosaicism of chromosome X, we analysed the SNP microarray intensity data of 38,303 women from cancer genome-wide association studies (20,878 cases and 17,425 controls) and detected 124 mosaic X events >2 Mb in 97 (0.25%) women. Here we show rates for X-chromosome mosaicism are four times higher than mean autosomal rates; X mosaic events more often include the entire chromosome and participants with X events more likely harbour autosomal mosaic events. X mosaicism frequency increases with age (0.11% in 50-year olds; 0.45% in 75-year olds), as reported for Y and autosomes. Methylation array analyses of 33 women with X mosaicism indicate events preferentially involve the inactive X chromosome. Our results provide further evidence that the sex chromosomes undergo mosaic events more frequently than autosomes, which could have implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms of mosaic events and their possible contribution to risk for chronic diseases.
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