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Application of artificial intelligence in cervical cancer screening: Enhancing accuracy and reducing misdiagnosis

Yang Q, Xie M, Yuan M, Xia M

J Clin Nurs, 2024 Aug 20.
PMID: 39164957 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17415
Fulltext Save lives or save livelihoods? A cross-country analysis of COVID-19 pandemic and economic growth

Feng Q, Wu GL, Yuan M, Zhou S

J Econ Behav Organ, 2022 May;197:221-256.
PMID: 35287307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2022.02.027

This paper studies whether containing COVID-19 pandemic by stringent strategies deteriorates or saves economic growth. Since there are country-specific factors that could affect both economic growth and deaths due to COVID-19, we first start with a cross-country analysis on identifying risk and protective factors on the COVID-19 deaths using large across-country variation. Using data on 100 countries from 3 January to 27 November 2020 and taking into account the possibility of underreporting, we find that for deaths per million population, GDP per capita, population density, and income inequality are the three most important risk factors; government effectiveness, temperature, and hospital beds are the three most important protective factors. Second, inspired by the stochastic frontier literature, we construct a measure of pandemic containment effectiveness (PCE) after controlling for country-specific factors and rank countries by their PCE scores for deaths. Finally, by linking the PCE score with GDP growth data in Quarters 2 and 3 of 2020, we find that PCE is positively associated with economic growth in major economies. Countries with average PCE scores, such as Malaysia, would gain more GDP growth by 3.47 percentage points if they could improve their PCE scores for deaths to South Korea's level in Q2 of 2020. Therefore, there is not a trade-off between lives and livelihood facing by governments. Instead, to save economy, it is important to contain the pandemic first. Our conclusion is also mainly valid for infections due to COVID-19.
Fulltext Transforming ophthalmic education into virtual learning during COVID-19 pandemic: a global perspective

Chatziralli I, Ventura CV, Touhami S, Reynolds R, Nassisi M, Weinberg T, et al.

Eye (Lond), 2021 May;35(5):1459-1466.
PMID: 32651545 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-1080-0

OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed measures of social distancing and barriers in delivery of "in person" education. Institutions, involved in training the next generation of ophthalmologists, are using alternative teaching methods to maintain the standard of education.
METHODS: We conducted a worldwide survey among physicians, who are actively involved in Ophthalmology-related education, between 3 and 14 April 2020. The expert survey, developed on the basis of literature search and focus group discussions, comprised 23 questions addressing the use of e-learning in Ophthalmology during the COVID-19 pandemic.
RESULTS: A total of 321 participants from both academic and non-academic institutions worldwide, with variable practice experience and expertise, completed the survey. Before the pandemic, the majority of participants used traditional training modalities, including lectures, grand rounds and journal clubs, and 48% did not use any e-learning. There was a statistically significant increase in the use of all e-learning alternatives during the pandemic (p
Phase 3 study of gilteritinib versus salvage chemotherapy in predominantly Asian patients with relapsed/refractory FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia

Wang J, Jiang B, Li J, Liu L, Du X, Jiang H, et al.

Leukemia, 2024 Sep 05.
PMID: 39237634 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02382-9

The phase 3 COMMODORE trial evaluated gilteritinib versus salvage chemotherapy (SC) in a predominantly Asian relapsed/refractory (R/R) FLT3-mutated (FLT3mut+) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient population. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS); secondary endpoints included event-free survival (EFS) and complete remission (CR) rate. As of June 30, 2020 (interim analysis: 32.2 months after study initiation), 234 patients were randomized (gilteritinib, n = 116; SC, n = 118). Median OS was significantly longer with gilteritinib versus SC (9.6 vs. 5.0 months; HR 0.566 [95% CI: 0.392, 0.818]; p = 0.00211) with a median follow-up of 10.3 months. Median EFS was also significantly longer with gilteritinib (2.8 vs. 0.6 months; HR 0.551 [95% CI: 0.395, 0.769]; p = 0.00004). CR rates with gilteritinib and SC were 16.4% and 10.2%, respectively; composite CR rates were 50.0% and 20.3%, respectively. Exposure-adjusted grade ≥3 adverse event (AE) rates were lower with gilteritinib (58.38 events/patient-year [E/PY]) versus SC (168.30 E/PY). Common AEs with gilteritinib were anemia (77.9%) and thrombocytopenia (45.1%). Gilteritinib plasma concentration peaked ~4 h postdose; ~3-fold accumulation occurred with multiple dosing. The COMMODORE trial demonstrated that gilteritinib significantly improved OS and EFS in predominantly Asian patients, validating the outcomes of gilteritinib from the ADMIRAL trial in R/R FLT3mut+ AML.
Evidence for the Higgs Boson Decay to a Z Boson and a Photon at the LHC

Aad G, Abbott B, Abeling K, Abicht NJ, Abidi SH, Aboulhorma A, et al.

Phys Rev Lett, 2024 Jan 12;132(2):021803.
PMID: 38277607 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.021803

The first evidence for the Higgs boson decay to a Z boson and a photon is presented, with a statistical significance of 3.4 standard deviations. The result is derived from a combined analysis of the searches performed by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations with proton-proton collision datasets collected at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) from 2015 to 2018. These correspond to integrated luminosities of around 140 fb^{-1} for each experiment, at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The measured signal yield is 2.2±0.7 times the standard model prediction, and agrees with the theoretical expectation within 1.9 standard deviations.
Combination of Measurements of the Top Quark Mass from Data Collected by the ATLAS and CMS Experiments at sqrt[s]=7 and 8 TeV

Hayrapetyan A, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Andrejkovic JW, Bergauer T, Chatterjee S, et al.

Phys Rev Lett, 2024 Jun 28;132(26):261902.
PMID: 38996325 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.261902

A combination of fifteen top quark mass measurements performed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC is presented. The datasets used correspond to an integrated luminosity of up to 5 and 20 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, respectively. The combination includes measurements in top quark pair events that exploit both the semileptonic and hadronic decays of the top quark, and a measurement using events enriched in single top quark production via the electroweak t channel. The combination accounts for the correlations between measurements and achieves an improvement in the total uncertainty of 31% relative to the most precise input measurement. The result is m_{t}=172.52±0.14(stat)±0.30(syst) GeV, with a total uncertainty of 0.33 GeV.