Environmental noise remains a complex and fragmented interplay between industrialization, population growth, technological developments, and the living environment. Next to the circulatory diseases and cancer, noise pollution has been cited as the third epidemic cause of psychological and physiological disorders internationally. A reliable and firm relationship between the cumulative health implications with the traffic annoyance and occupational noise has been established. This agenda has called for an integrated, coordinated, and participatory approach to the reliable protection of noise interference. Despite several fragmented policies, legislation and global efforts have been addressed; the noise pollution complaints have been traditionally neglected in developing countries, especially in Malaysia. This paper was undertaken to postulate an initial platform to address the dynamic pressures, gigantic challenges, and tremendous impacts of noise pollution scenario in Malaysia. The emphasis is speculated on the traffic interference and assessment of industrial and occupational noise. The fundamental importance of noise monitoring and modeling is proposed. Additionally, the confronting conservation program and control measure for noise pollution control are laconically elucidated.
To date, microwave energy has been widely developed and applied to almost every field of chemistry. In many cases, microwave technology has proven to remarkably reducing costs, accelerating reaction rates, improving yields and selectively activating. This paper presents a state of art review of microwave technology, its background studies, fundamental chemistry and industrial applications. With the renaissance of activated carbon, there has been a steadily growing interest in this research field. The review provides a summary on recent development in preparation and regeneration of activated carbons. The key advance of introducing microwave energy has been highlighted relative to conventional methods. Moreover, the major drawbacks, challenges with its future expectation are presented and discussed. Conclusively, microwave energy is predicted to be a potentially viable and powerful replacement for fuel technology in various areas, while its progress represents an expanding field in the area of adsorption science.