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  1. Parent ratings of ADHD symptoms: differential symptom functioning across Malaysian Malay and Chinese children
    Gomez R, Vance A
    J Abnorm Child Psychol, 2008 Aug;36(6):955-67.
    PMID: 18317918 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-008-9226-8
    This study examined differential symptom functioning (DSF) in ADHD symptoms across Malay and Chinese children in Malaysia. Malay (N=571) and Chinese (N=254) parents completed the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale, which lists the DSM-IV ADHD symptoms. DSF was examined using the multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) structural equation modeling procedure. Although DSF was found for a single inattention (IA) symptom and three hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) symptoms, all these differences had low effect sizes. Controlling for these DSF, Chinese children had higher IA and HI latent factor scores. However the effect sizes were small. Together, these findings suggest adequate support for invariance of the ADHD symptoms across these ethno-cultural groups. The implications of the findings for cross-cultural invariance of the ADHD symptoms are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/ethnology*
  2. A multitrait-multisource confirmatory factor analytic approach to the construct validity of ADHD and ODD rating scales with Malaysian children
    Gomez R, Burns GL, Walsh JA, Hafetz N
    J Abnorm Child Psychol, 2005 Apr;33(2):241-54.
    PMID: 15839501 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-005-1831-1
    Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to model a multitrait by multisource matrix to determine the convergent and discriminant validity of measures of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-inattention (IN), ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in 917 Malaysian elementary school children. The three trait factors were ADHD-IN, ADHDHI, and ODD. The two source factors were parents and teachers. Similar to earlier studies with Australian and Brazilian children, the parent and teacher measures failed to show convergent and discriminant validity with Malaysian children. The study outlines the implications of such strong source effects in ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI, and ODD measures for the use of such parent and teacher scales to study the symptom dimensions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/ethnology*
  3. Invariance of parent ratings of the ADHD symptoms in Australian and Malaysian, and north European Australian and Malay Malaysia children: a mean and covariance structures analysis approach
    Gomez R
    J Atten Disord, 2009 Mar;12(5):422-33.
    PMID: 18367758 DOI: 10.1177/1087054708315171
    OBJECTIVE: This study used the mean and covariance structures analysis approach to examine the equality or invariance of ratings of the 18 ADHD symptoms.

    METHOD: 783 Australian and 928 Malaysian parents provided ratings for an ADHD rating scale. Invariance was tested across these groups (Comparison 1), and North European Australian (n = 623) and Malay Malaysian (n = 571, Comparison 2) groups.

    RESULTS: Results indicate support for form and item factor loading invariance; more than half the total number of symptoms showed item intercept invariance, and 14 symptoms showed invariance for error variances. There was invariance for both the factor variances and the covariance, and the latent mean scores for hyperactivity/impulsivity. For inattention latent scores, the Malaysian (Comparison 1) and Malay Malaysian (Comparison 2) groups had higher scores.

    CONCLUSION: These results indicate fairly good support for invariance for parent ratings of the ADHD symptoms across the groups compared.

    Matched MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/ethnology*
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