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  1. Distraction osteogenesis in the surgical management of syndromic craniosynostosis: a comprehensive review of published papers
    Al-Namnam NMN, Hariri F, Rahman ZAA
    Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2018 06;56(5):353-366.
    PMID: 29661509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.03.002
    Our aim was to summarise current published evidence about the prognosis of various techniques of craniofacial distraction osteogenesis, particularly its indications, protocols, and complications. Published papers were acquired from online sources using the keywords "distraction osteogenesis", "Le Fort III", "monobloc", and "syndromic craniosynostosis" in combination with other keywords, such as "craniofacial deformity" and "midface". The search was confined to publications in English, and we followed the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. We found that deformity of the skull resulted mainly from Crouzon syndrome. Recently craniofacial distraction has been achieved by monobloc distraction osteogenesis using an external distraction device during childhood, while Le Fort III distraction osteogenesis was used in maturity. Craniofacial distraction was indicated primarily to correct increased intracranial pressure, exorbitism, and obstructive sleep apnoea in childhood, while midface hypoplasia was the main indication in maturity. Overall the most commonly reported complications were minor inflammatory reactions around the pins, and anticlockwise rotation when using external distraction systems. The mean amount of bony advancement was 12.3mm for an external device, 18.6mm for an internal device and 18.7mm when both external and internal devices were used. Treatment by craniofacial distraction must be validated by long-term studies as there adequate data are lacking, particularly about structural relapse and the assessment of function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Craniofacial Dysostosis/complications
  2. An audiological evaluation of syndromic and non-syndromic craniosynostosis in pre-school going children
    Goh LC, Azman A, Siti HBK, Khoo WV, Muthukumarasamy PA, Thong MK, et al.
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2018 Jun;109:50-53.
    PMID: 29728184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.03.010
    OBJECTIVE: To study the audiological outcome and early screening of pre-school going children with craniosynostosis under follow-up at the University of Malaya Medical Center(UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia over a 10 year period.

    METHODS: A retrospective descriptive cohort study on the audiological findings detected during the first hearing assessment done on a child with craniosynostosis using otoacoustic emissions, pure tone audiometry or auditory brainstem response examination. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the type and severity of hearing loss when compared between syndromic and non-sydromic craniosynostosis, and other associated contributory factors.

    RESULTS: A total of 31 patients with 62 ears consisting of 14 male patients and 17 female patients were evaluated. Twenty two patients (71%) were syndromic and 9 (29%) were non-syndromic craniosynostosis. Amongst the syndromic craniosynostosis, 9 (41%) had Apert syndrome, 7 (32%) had Crouzon syndrome, 5 (23%) had Pfieffer syndrome and 1 (4%) had Shaethre Chotzen syndrome. Patients with syndromic craniosynostosis were more likely to present with all types and severity of hearing loss, including severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss while children with non-syndromic craniosynostosis were likely to present with normal hearing (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Craniofacial Dysostosis/complications*
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