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  1. Reinforcement of calcium phosphate cement with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and bovine serum albumin for injectable bone substitute applications
    Chew KK, Low KL, Sharif Zein SH, McPhail DS, Gerhardt LC, Roether JA, et al.
    J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2011 Apr;4(3):331-9.
    PMID: 21316621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2010.10.013
    This paper presents the development of novel alternative injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) composites for orthopaedic applications. The new CPC composites comprise β-tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP) and di-calcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) mixed with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and incorporated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or functionalized MWCNTs (MWCNTs-OH and MWCNTs-COOH). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compressive strength tests, injectability tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to evaluate the properties of the final products. Compressive strength tests and SEM observations demonstrated particularly that the concomitant admixture of BSA and MWCNT improved the mechanical properties, resulting in stronger CPC composites. The presence of MWCNTs and BSA influenced the morphology of the hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals in the CPC matrix. BSA was found to act as a promoter of HA growth when bounded to the surface of CPC grains. MWCNT-OH-containing composites exhibited the highest compressive strengths (16.3 MPa), being in the range of values for trabecular bone (2-12 MPa).
    Matched MeSH terms: Durapatite/metabolism
  2. The synergistic effects of IL-6/IL-17A promote osteogenic differentiation by improving OPG/RANKL ratio and adhesion of MC3T3-E1 cells on hydroxyapatite
    Sritharan S, Kannan TP, Norazmi MN, Nurul AA
    J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2018 Aug;46(8):1361-1367.
    PMID: 29805067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.05.002
    OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluated the potential role of IL-6 and/or IL-17A in regulating the OPG/RANKL (osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa b ligand) system of murine osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) cultured on hydroxyapatite (HA).

    METHODS: MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded on HA and treated with recombinant IL-6 or rIL-17A or combination of the two cytokines. Cell proliferation and differentiation activity were measured by MTS and alkaline phosphatase assays respectively. Observation of cell adhesion and proliferation was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Gene and protein expressions were performed on RANKL and OPG using qPCR, Western blot and ELISA.

    RESULTS: We demonstrated that treatment with recombinant IL-17A (rIL-17A) and the combination rIL-6/rIL-17A promoted better adhesion and higher proliferation of cells on HA. Cells treated with rIL-17A and the combination cytokines showed a significant increase in differentiation activity on day 7, 10 and 14 as indicated by ALP activity (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Durapatite/metabolism*
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