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  1. The effectiveness of pure Stichopus horrens extract toothpaste in reducing plaque-induced gingivitis following orthodontic bonding: A triple-blinded randomized controlled trial
    Bakar NA, Jayah NI, Mohamed NR, Ali SM, Nasir SH, Hashim R, et al.
    J World Fed Orthod, 2020 03;9(1):3-8.
    PMID: 32672665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2019.11.004
    INTRODUCTION: Gingivitis is one of the commonest problems faced by patients with fixed appliances (FA) as there is close relation between the appliances to gingival sulcus. Stichopus horrens (SH) is a sea cucumber from the Indo-Pacific that has medical healing properties which have been traditionally used.

    OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of toothpaste containing aqueous SH extract on plaque-induced gingivitis following orthodontic bond-up and to identify the optimal concentration of SH.

    METHODS: A single-centred; triple-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted in 40 patients with FA. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the four groups with toothpaste which has concentration of SH extract of 0%, 3%, 6% or 9%. The statistician, the participants and the researchers involved in data collection were kept blinded from the allocation. Gingival Index (GI) and Bleeding on Probing (BOP) for each group were taken at day 0,7,14 and 30.

    RESULTS: 9% of SH-containing toothpaste (SHCT) showed most substantial result as there were significance difference of GI (P = 0.020) from Day 7 to 14 and from Day 0 to 14 (P = 0.020). There was also significance difference of BOP from Day 0 to 14 (P = 0.022) and from Day 0 to 30 (P = 0.027). Significant difference was seen in 3% of SHCT group with the decrease of GI (P = 0.004) from Day 1 to 14. There were no significant difference noted for 0% and 6% SHCT.

    CONCLUSION: The 9% SHCT is the most effective concentration to reduce both the gingival inflammation (up to day 14) and bleeding on probing (up to day 30).

    Matched MeSH terms: Gingivitis/etiology
  2. Strawberry gingivitis as the first presenting sign of Wegener's granulomatosis: report of a case
    Siar CH, Yeo KB, Nakano K, Nagatsuka H, Tsujigiwa H, Tomida M, et al.
    Eur J Med Res, 2011 Jul 25;16(7):331-4.
    PMID: 21813375
    Wegener's granulomatosis is a rare multi-system disease characterized by the classic triad of necrotizing granulomas affecting the upper and lower respiratory tracts, disseminated vasculitis and glomerulonephritis. Oral lesions as a presenting feature are only encountered in 2% of these cases. Hyperplastic gingival lesions or strawberry gingivitis, is a characteristic sign of Wegener's granulomatosis. The latter consists of reddish-purple exophytic gingival swellings with petechial haemorrhages thus resembling strawberries. Recognition of this feature is of utmost importance for timely diagnosis and definitive management of this potentially fatal disease. A case of strawberry gingivitis as the first presenting sign of Wegener's granulomatosis affecting a 50-year-old Malay male is reported here. The differential diagnosis of red lesions that may present in the gingiva is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingivitis/etiology*
  3. Histiocytosis X: evidence for a genetic etiology
    Hanapiah F, Yaacob H, Ghani KS, Hussin AS
    J Nihon Univ Sch Dent, 1993 Sep;35(3):171-4.
    PMID: 8246038
    Histiocytosis X is a rare disorder with no particular predilection for race, age or sex. Since its discovery by Hand in 1893, the etiology has remained unknown, although viruses, bacteria and genetic factors have been implicated. Familial occurrence of this disease is very rare, and only a handful of such cases have been reported. The present study adds further evidence to support the influence of genetic factors in the etiology of histiocytosis X.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingivitis/etiology
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