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Fulltext Benchtop technologies for circulating tumor cells separation based on biophysical properties

Low WS, Wan Abas WA

Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:239362.
PMID: 25977918 DOI: 10.1155/2015/239362

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that have detached from primary tumor site and are transported via the circulation system. The importance of CTCs as prognostic biomarker is leveraged when multiple studies found that patient with cutoff of 5 CTCs per 7.5 mL blood has poor survival rate. Despite its clinical relevance, the isolation and characterization of CTCs can be quite challenging due to their large morphological variability and the rare presence of CTCs within the blood. Numerous methods have been employed and discussed in the literature for CTCs separation. In this paper, we will focus on label free CTCs isolation methods, in which the biophysical and biomechanical properties of cells (e.g., size, deformability, and electricity) are exploited for CTCs detection. To assess the present state of various isolation methods, key performance metrics such as capture efficiency, cell viability, and throughput will be reported. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of CTC isolation technologies.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology*
Fulltext Clinical validity of clinicopathological and prognostic significance of circulating tumor cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Jayaraj R, Shetty S, Kumaraswamy C, Raymond G, Ram M R, Govind SK, et al.

Oral Oncol, 2020 10;109:104727.
PMID: 32327312 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104727
Matched MeSH terms: Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology*
Fulltext CTC phenotyping for a preoperative assessment of tumor metastasis and overall survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients

Sun Y, Wu G, Cheng KS, Chen A, Neoh KH, Chen S, et al.

EBioMedicine, 2019 Aug;46:133-149.
PMID: 31375425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.044

BACKGROUND: The evaluation for surgical resectability of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients is not only imaging-based but highly subjective. An objective method is urgently needed. We report on the clinical value of a phenotypic circulating tumor cell (CTC)-based blood test for a preoperative prognostic assessment of tumor metastasis and overall survival (OS) of PDAC patients.
METHODS: Venous blood samples from 46 pathologically confirmed PDAC patients were collected prospectively before surgery and immunoassayed using a specially designed TU-chip™. Captured CTCs were differentiated into epithelial (E), mesenchymal and hybrid (H) phenotypes. A further 45 non-neoplastic healthy donors provided blood for cell line validation study and CTC false positive quantification.
FINDINGS: A validated multivariable model consisting of disjunctively combined CTC phenotypes: "H-CTC≥15.0 CTCs/2ml OR E-CTC≥11.0 CTCs/2ml" generated an optimal prediction of metastasis with a sensitivity of 1.000 (95% CI 0.889-1.000) and specificity of 0.886 (95% CI 0.765-0.972). The adjusted Kaplan-Meier median OS constructed using Cox proportional-hazard models and stratified for E-CTC 

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
Fulltext Revisiting the Roles of Pro-Metastatic EpCAM in Cancer

Mohtar MA, Syafruddin SE, Nasir SN, Low TY

Biomolecules, 2020 02 07;10(2).
PMID: 32046162 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020255

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a cell surface protein that was discovered as a tumour marker of epithelial origins nearly four decades ago. EpCAM is expressed at basal levels in the basolateral membrane of normal epithelial cells. However, EpCAM expression is upregulated in solid epithelial cancers and stem cells. EpCAM can also be found in disseminated tumour cells and circulating tumour cells. Various OMICs studies have demonstrated that EpCAM plays roles in several key biological processes such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, EpCAM can be detected in the bodily fluid of cancer patients suggesting that EpCAM is a pathophysiologically relevant anti-tumour target as well as being utilized as a diagnostic/prognostic agent for a variety of cancers. This review will focus on the structure-features of EpCAM protein and discuss recent evidence on the pathological and physiological roles of EpCAM in modulating cell adhesion and signalling pathways in cancers as well as deliberating the clinical implication of EpCAM as a therapeutic target.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology