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  1. De Los Reyes EVA, Rivera DI, Santos HM, Carlos RM
    Malays J Pathol, 2018 Aug;40(2):175-183.
    PMID: 30173236
    INTRODUCTION: Intracranial teratomas account for 0.5% of all intracranial tumours and 2-4% of intracranial tumours in children. However, in terms of tumours of the pineal area, the exact incidence is not ascertained. Although, it is noted that 50-60% of central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumours are found in the pineal gland. The degree of difficulty in the sampling of lesions in the pineal gland during biopsy emphasizes the importance of correlating the imaging studies, histopathologic findings, and serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tumour markers.

    CASE REPORT: This case report is that of a 9-year-old male who presented with frontal headache of eight days, with associated photophobia, nausea and vomiting, and diplopia. Biopsy with intraoperative navigation was done and the specimen was referred for histopathologic evaluation. The biopsy showed findings consistent with a mature teratoma with no histologic findings of an immature component or secondary somatic malignancy. Comparison of the pre-operative and post-operative multiaxial cranial CT scan showed findings that was consistent with a residual lesion. This was correlated with the pre-operative serum tumour markers which showed alpha-fetoprotein of 22.5 ng/mL and beta-HCG of 1.0 mIU/mL(IU/L), and the post-operative tumour markers of the cerebrospinal fluid that showed alpha-fetoprotein of 3.28 ng/mL and beta-HCG of 18.9 mIU/mL (IU/L).

    CONCLUSION: A review of the literature and comparison with current case in relation to the histopathologic, serum and CSF findings, and imaging studies was done to better understand the mechanism of this lesion.

    Matched MeSH terms: Pinealoma/diagnosis*; Pinealoma/pathology*
  2. Idris Z, Ghani AR, Idris B, Muzaimi M, Awang S, Pal HK, et al.
    Minim Invasive Neurosurg, 2011 Jun;54(3):125-7.
    PMID: 21863520 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1277198
    Shunt surgery is frequently chosen to manage periventricular metastasis of pineal region tumours which obscured the floor of the third ventricle. However, this procedure falls short due to distant metastasis. Neuronavigation-guided endoscopic surgery offers a viable alternative.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pinealoma/pathology; Pinealoma/radiography; Pinealoma/surgery*
  3. Tan GC, Sallapan S, Haworth K, Finlay J, Boue DR, Pierson CR
    Malays J Pathol, 2019 Apr;41(1):71-73.
    PMID: 31025642
    INTRODUCTION: Intratumoral calcification is a feature that is more often observed in pineal parenchymal tumour than germinoma. We describe a 13-year-old male with pineal region germinoma demonstrating extensive intratumoral calcification.

    CASE REPORT: He presented with worsening headache that was associated with fatigue, nausea and vomiting. Radiologic examination revealed a multilobular mass in the pineal region with internal calcifications. Biopsy showed a pure germinoma with unusually extensive calcification.

    DISCUSSION: Although a diagnosis may be suggested with a careful evaluation of imaging, there is no pathognomonic pattern. Thus, histologic verification is necessary for most pineal region masses.

    Matched MeSH terms: Pinealoma
  4. Selby R, Pereira N
    Int Surg, 1973 Aug;58(8):536-41.
    PMID: 4738062
    Matched MeSH terms: Pinealoma/epidemiology
  5. Alias H, Lau SCD, Schuitema I, de Sonneville LMJ
    Front Psychol, 2018;9:703.
    PMID: 29896137 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00703
    Objective: This study aimed to evaluate neuropsychological consequences in survivors of childhood brain tumor. Method: A case-control study was conducted over a period of 4 months in a tertiary referral center in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Fourteen survivors of childhood brain tumor aged 7-18 years, who were off-treatment for at least 1 year and were in remission, and 31 unrelated healthy controls were recruited. The median age at diagnosis was 8.20 years (range: 0.92-12.96 years). The diagnoses of brain tumors were medulloblastoma, germ cell tumor, pineocytoma, pilocystic astrocytoma, suprasellar germinoma, and ependymoma. Eleven survivors received central nervous system irradiation. Seven tasks were selected from the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks program to evaluate alertness (processing speed), and major aspects of executive functioning, such as working memory capacity, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and sustained attention. Speed, stability and accuracy of responses were the main outcome measures. Results: Survivors of childhood brain tumor showed statistically significant poorer performance on all tasks compared to healthy controls. Both processing speed and accuracy were impaired in the survivors, in particular under more complex task conditions. The survivors demonstrated deficits in alertness, sustained attention, working memory capacity, executive visuomotor control, and cognitive flexibility. Longer duration off treatment appeared to be correlated with poorer alertness, memory capacity, and inhibition. Conclusion: Survivors of childhood brain tumor in our center showed impaired neuropsychological functioning. Development of less toxic treatment protocols is important to prevent late effects of cognitive deficits in survivors of childhood brain tumor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pinealoma
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