Browse publications by year: 1959

  1. Danaraj TJ, Schacher JF
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1959;8:640-643.
    The intradermal test using as antigen a 1 per cent saline extract of Dirofilaria immitis powder was performed in Singapore on 69 persons with eosinophilic lung, 32 with mild eosinophilia, 49 with filariasis, 75 normal Asians, and 66 normal Britishers. The test was positive in 100 per cent of the cases of eosinophilic lung, 73.5 per cent of the filariasis group, 59.4 per cent of cases of mild eosinophilia, 53.3 per cent of normal Asians, and 4.5 per cent of the Britishers. The filarial complement fixation test using a 1 per cent alcoholic extract of the same antigen gave a positive rate of 100 per cent in the eosinophilic lung group, whereas only 24.5 per cent of the filariasis patients gave a positive reaction. Skin sensitivity to D. immitis antigen persisted in the cases of eosinophilic lung even when the previously positive serologic reactions had become negative following treatment with diethylcarbamazine. Therefore, the intradermal test cannot be useful in the diagnosis of either filariasis or eosinophilic lung in Singapore. In view of the skin sensitivity to a filarial antigen demonstrated in patients suffering from eosinophilic lung, the etiologic possibility of an infection by a species of filarial worm found normally in nonhuman hosts is discussed.
    MeSH terms: Diethylcarbamazine; Dirofilaria; Dirofilaria immitis; Eosinophilia; Filariasis; Infection; Intradermal Tests; Lung; Parasitology; Singapore; Skin; Tropical Medicine
  2. Mansfield RE
    Anaesthesia, 1959;14:282-284.
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1959.tb13787.x
    MeSH terms: Anesthesiology; Diverticulum; Pharynx
  3. Searle AG
    Ann. Hum. Genet., 1959;23:279-288.
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1959.tb01471.x
    1. The incidence of anencephaly in Singapore was determined from hospital records for 1953–56 inclusive. Sixty‐eight cases were found in 88,069 births, or 0.77 per thousand. 2. Analysis of data according to maternal community revealed great heterogeneity (Table 1), with frequencies ranging from 0.0 per thousand in the Hakka group of Chinese to 6.5 per thousand in Sikhs. 3. 48.4 % of anencephalics were males. This unusually high proportion may be connected with the low frequency of primiparity in Singapore and high average birth weight of affected infants, compared with records from elsewhere. Neither maternal age nor parity had a significant effect on the incidence. 4. The causes of anencephaly are discussed. It is suggested that properties of the local external environment (such as type of water supply) are of less importance than dietary and other customs peculiar to different communities, as well as genetical differences. 5. Several reasons are given why anencephaly, and other congenital malformations of the central nervous system, should be regarded as quasi‐continuous variables, due to a threshold effect. A comparison with the ‘curly‐tail’ mutant in the mouse supports this view and also emphasizes the close causal connexion between anencephaly and spina bifida. I am very grateful to Prof. L. S. Penrose, F.R.S., for arousing my interest in this subject and for invaluable advice. I should like to thank Prof. B. H. Sheares, Head of the University of Malaya's Unit at Kandang Kerbau Hospital, and Dr A. Arulanandam, Medical Superintendent, for arranging that I should have access to hospital records. I am greatly indebted to my wife for considerable help in the task of searching through these records. Copyright © 1959, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
    MeSH terms: Genetics
  4. Polunin I
    Lancet, 1959;273:525.
    SIR,-I was glad to read a letter from Dr. Copeland (Dec. 6), a pioneer in bringing medical treatment to the Muruts of North Borneo.1 I feel that something should be said about the present malaria situation there. McArthur's control measures for the vector " Anopheles leucosphyrus " (now A. balabacensis), were in fact resumed by him under the new post-war Government. Clearing the undergrowth around seepages was tried during 1949-52, and showed some reduction in vector breeding and spleen-rates.2 However, more recent surveys have shown that McArthur's experimental villages no longer show any malariometric advantage over comparison villages, despite his hopes for the relative permanence of his methods. It was decided by the GovemmentjW.H.O.jUNlcEF Malaria Project to use house spraying with residual insecticide, which had proved highly effective in Sarawak against the virtually identical A. leucosphyrus. For Dr. Copeland's information, these mosquitoes do rest on walls during the night for periods sufficiently long to make them susceptible to effective attack by residual insecticides. It has been shown during the past three years that residual insecticides produce a very great decrease in the density of the vector. On Labuan Island house-spraying alone has been successful in interrupting transmission, and when combined with antimalarial drugs it has been shown capable of controlling transmission even in the most difficult parts of the interior. The complete eradication of malaria from British North Borneo now appears to be an attainable goal.
    MeSH terms: Anopheles; Borneo; Insecticides; Malaria
  5. Khaira BS, Young WB, De HPV
    Br Med J, 1959;1:949-952.
    MeSH terms: Melioidosis
  6. Dhaliwal SS
    Br. J. Cancer, 1959;13:685-692.
    DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1959.76
    When MH2 virus is assayed on the chorioallantoic membrane the result depends very largely on the age of the embryo, the pock count on membranes of embryos aged 10 days being 2½ times that on those 8 days old. This was always much less than that determined in the same strain of day old chicks by the limiting dilution method. Slight adaptation of the virus to egg passage was found but this was lost when the virus was transmitted through chicks. Non reactor eggs were few, and the number decreased markedly with the increasing embryo age, to vanish at age 11 days and over. This work was done while on a grant from the Government of the Federation of Malaya. I am grateful to Professor C. H. Waddington for laboratory facilities and to Dr. J. G. Carr for valuable advice. I am also grateful for the material and facilities provided by the British Empire Cancer Campaign Unit at the A.R.C. Poultry Research Centre. © 1959, The British Empire Cancer Campaign for Research. All rights reserved.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Chickens; Eggs; Financing, Organized; Government; Malaysia; Neoplasms; Poultry; Chorioallantoic Membrane
  7. Linton HP
    Journal of Asian Studies, 1959;16:839-845.
    DOI: 10.1017/S0021911800165581
    MeSH terms: Bibliography
  8. KIRK R
    J Trop Med Hyg, 1959 Jan;62(1):10-7.
    PMID: 13621483
    MeSH terms: Animals; Humans; Malaysia; Culicidae*; Mycoses/epidemiology*; Singapore; Zebrafish*
  9. Dean RF
    Bull World Health Organ, 1959;20:727-9.
    PMID: 13815166
    MeSH terms: Animals; Humans; Malaysia; Culicidae*
  10. TURNER LH
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1959 Mar;53(2):154-69.
    PMID: 13647621
    MeSH terms: Animals; Filariasis/epidemiology*; Malaysia; Culicidae*; Wuchereria*; Brugia malayi*
  11. Holmes W
    Med J Malaya, 1959 Mar;13(3):197-200.
    PMID: 13666187
    During a period of 1 month all medical practitioners were invited to notify cases of gonorrhoea. 123 were obtained including 108 men, 10 women and 5 children. Of 25 hospital cases 23 were acute and 2 chronic; 23 were all infected by prostitutes. Intercourse took place in hotels in 17, in private houses in 6 and elsewhere in 2; introduction was made by taxi-drivers in 11, hotel staff in 3, friends in 3 and not stated 8; places of contact were-bars 16, cabaret 1, streets 2, not stated 6. The author thinks that supervision of prostitutes would help but that contact tracing would be a better long-term policy.
    MeSH terms: Gonorrhea/epidemiology*; Humans
  12. ONG WH
    Med J Malaya, 1959 Mar;13(3):201-14.
    PMID: 13666188
    MeSH terms: Carbimazole*; Humans; Hyperthyroidism/therapy*; Antithyroid Agents/therapeutic use*; Thyrotoxicosis*
  13. MILLIS J
    Med J Malaya, 1959 Mar;13(3):215-21.
    PMID: 13666189
    MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*; Nutritional Status*; Singapore; Nutritional Sciences*
  14. DAVIES TA, MILLS R
    Med J Malaya, 1959 Mar;13(3):222-36.
    PMID: 13666190
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; Work*
  15. WHARTON RH, BIN OMAR AH
    Med J Malaya, 1959 Mar;13(3):237-8.
    PMID: 13666191
    MeSH terms: Animals; Dieldrin*; Humans; Insecticides/pharmacology*; Lice Infestations*; Pediculus*; Incidence
  16. REID JA, LIM CS
    Med J Malaya, 1959 Mar;13(3):239-42.
    PMID: 13666192
    MeSH terms: Cholinesterase Inhibitors*; Insecticides*; Malathion*; Phosphates*
  17. WELLS R
    Med J Malaya, 1959 Mar;13(3):243-7.
    PMID: 13666193
    MeSH terms: Fludrocortisone/analogs & derivatives; Prednisolone/therapeutic use*; Triamcinolone*
  18. Med J Malaya, 1959 Mar;13(3):248-60.
    PMID: 13666194
    MeSH terms: Diphtheria/immunology*; Poliomyelitis/immunology*; Tetanus/prevention & control*; Tetanus Toxoid*; Vaccination*; Vaccines*; Whooping Cough/immunology*; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine*; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines*
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