Affiliations 

  • 1 Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  • 2 Dept. of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher, Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
  • 3 Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. Electronic address: ds.anand@manipal.edu
Brain Res Bull, 2022 Mar;180:46-58.
PMID: 34979238 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.12.012

Abstract

Progressive hippocampal neuronal losses, neuroinflammation, declined neurogenesis and impaired hippocampal functions are pathological features of Alzheimer's disease and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Halting neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration in the hippocampus is a major challenge in treating such disease conditions which, if unsuccessful would lead to learning/memory dysfunction and co-morbidities like anxiety/depression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy provides hope for treating neurodegenerative diseases by either replacing lost neurons by transplantation of MSCs which might differentiate into appropriate neuronal phenotypes or by stimulating the resident neural stem cells for proliferation/differentiation. In this current study, we demonstrate that the intrahippocampal transplantation of ectoderm originated dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) or intrahippocampal injection of DPSCs condition medium (DPSCs-CM) in a mouse model of hippocampal neurodegeneration could efficiently prevent neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, enhance hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial learning and memory functions much superior to commonly used bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) or its secretome. Probing the possible mechanisms of neuroprotection revealed that DPSCs/DPSCs-CM treatment upregulated an array of hosts' endogenous neural survival factors expression, reduced pro-apoptotic caspase activity and upregulated the anti-apoptotic factors BCL-2 and phosphorylated PI3K prominently than BM-MSCs/BM-MSCs-CM, suggesting that among MSCs, neural crest originated DPSCs might be a better adult stem cell candidate for treating neurodegenerative diseases.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.