Fulltext

A Comprehensive Guide to Sperm Recovery in Infertile Men with Retrograde Ejaculation

Gupta S 1 , Sharma R 1 , Agarwal A 2 , Parekh N 3 , Finelli R 1 , Shah R 4 Show all authors , Kandil H 5 , Saleh R 6 , Arafa M 1 , Ko E 7 , Simopoulou M 8 , Zini A 9 , Rajmil O 10 , Kavoussi P 11 , Singh K 12 , Ambar RF 13 , Elbardisi H 14 , Sengupta P 15 , Martinez M 16 , Boitrelle F 17 , Alves MG 18 , Khalafalla K 14 , Roychoudhury S 19 , Busetto GM 20 , Gosalvez J 21 , Tadros N 22 , Palani A 23 , Rodriguez MG 24 , Anagnostopoulou C 25 , Micic S 26 , Rocco L 27 , Mostafa T 28 , Alvarez JG 29 , Jindal S 30 , Sallam H 31 , Maldonado Rosas I 32 , Lewis SEM 33 , AlSaid S 34 , Altan M 35 , Park HJ 36 , Ramsay J 37 , Parekattil S 38 , Sabbaghian M 39 , Tremellen K 40 , Vogiatzi P 41 , Sadighi Gilani MA 39 , Evenson DP 42 , Colpi GM 43

Affiliations 

  • 1 American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
  • 2 American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. agarwaa@ccf.org
  • 3 Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
  • 4 Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
  • 5 Fakih IVF Fertility Center, Abu Dhabi, UAE
  • 6 Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
  • 7 Department of Urology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
  • 8 Department of Experimental Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  • 9 Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
  • 10 Department of Andrology, Fundacio Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
  • 11 Austin Fertility and Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
  • 12 Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
  • 13 Department of Urology, Centro Universitario em Saude do ABC/Andrology Group at Ideia Fertil Institute of Human Reproduction, Santo André, Brazil
  • 14 Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  • 15 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 16 Section of Urology, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
  • 17 Reproductive Biology, Fertility Preservation, Andrology, CECOS, Poissy Hospital, Poissy, France
  • 18 Department of Anatomy & Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 19 Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
  • 20 Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
  • 21 Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
  • 22 Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
  • 23 Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq
  • 24 Departamento Docencia e Investigación, Hospital Militar Campo de Mayo, Universidad Barcelo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 25 IVF Clinic "Akeso-Embryo ART", Athens, Greece
  • 26 Department of Andrology, Uromedica Polyclinic, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 27 Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
  • 28 Department of Andrology, Sexology & STIs, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 29 Centro Androgen, La Coruña, Spain
  • 30 Department of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Jindal Hospital, Meerut, India
  • 31 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
  • 32 Center of Technological Innovation, and Reproductive Medicine (CITMER), Mexico City, Mexico
  • 33 Examenlab Ltd., Weavers Court, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
  • 34 Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
  • 35 Department of Urology, Haceppete University, Ankara, Turkey
  • 36 Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
  • 37 Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
  • 38 Avant Concierge Urology & University of Central Florida, Winter Garden, FL, USA
  • 39 Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
  • 40 Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
  • 41 Andromed Health & Reproduction, Fertility Diagnostics Laboratory, Maroussi, Athens, Greece
  • 42 SCSA Diagnostics, Brookings, SD, USA
  • 43 Andrology and IVF Unit, Procrea Institute, Lugano, Switzerland
World J Mens Health, 2022 Apr;40(2):208-216.
PMID: 34169680 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210069

Abstract

Retrograde ejaculation (RE) is a condition defined as the backward flow of the semen during ejaculation, and when present can result in male infertility. RE may be partial or complete, resulting in either low seminal volume or complete absence of the ejaculate (dry ejaculate). RE can result from anatomic, neurological or pharmacological conditions. The treatment approaches outlined are determined by the cause. Alkalinizing urinary pH with oral medications or by adding sperm wash media into the bladder prior to ejaculation may preserve the viability of the sperm. This article provides a step-by-step guide to diagnose RE and the optimal techniques to retrieve sperm.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Similar publications