Affiliations 

  • 1 Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Tezpur, Assam 784501 India
  • 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar, 788011 India
  • 3 The Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchan Bagh, Hyderabad, Telangana 500058 India
  • 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Chauras Campus, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand 249161 India
  • 5 Department of Biochemistry, IMS, Management and Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
  • 6 International Medical School, Management and Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
  • 7 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java 60115 Indonesia
  • 8 Panineeya Institute of Dental Science and Research Centre, Kalonji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences, Warangal, Telangana 506007 India
  • 9 School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
Chem Zvesti, 2023 Apr 04.
PMID: 37362791 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02795-3

Abstract

The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused great havoc and affected many parts of the world. It has imposed a great challenge to the medical and health fraternity with its ability to continue mutating and increasing the transmission rate. Some challenges include the availability of current knowledge of active drugs against the virus, mode of delivery of the medicaments, its diagnosis, which are relatively limited and do not suffice for further prognosis. One recently developed drug delivery system called nanoparticles is currently being utilized in combating COVID-19. This article highlights the existing methods for diagnosis of COVID-19 such as computed tomography scan, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, nucleic acid sequencing, immunoassay, point-of-care test, detection from breath, nanotechnology-based bio-sensors, viral antigen detection, microfluidic device, magnetic nanosensor, magnetic resonance platform and internet-of-things biosensors. The latest detection strategy based on nanotechnology, biosensor, is said to produce satisfactory results in recognizing SARS-CoV-2 virus. It also highlights the successes in the research and development of COVID-19 treatments and vaccines that are already in use. In addition, there are a number of nanovaccines and nanomedicines currently in clinical trials that have the potential to target COVID-19.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.