A Statement of the MDS on Biological Definition, Staging, and Classification of Parkinson's Disease

Cardoso F 1 , Goetz CG 2 , Mestre TA 3 , Sampaio C 4 , Adler CH 5 , Berg D 6 Show all authors , Bloem BR 7 , Burn DJ 8 , Fitts MS 9 , Gasser T 10 , Klein C 11 , de Tijssen MAJ 12 , Lang AE 13 , Lim SY 14 , Litvan I 15 , Meissner WG 16 , Mollenhauer B 17 , Okubadejo N 18 , Okun MS 19 , Postuma RB 20 , Svenningsson P 21 , Tan LCS 22 , Tsunemi T 23 , Wahlstrom-Helgren S 24 , Gershanik OS 25 , Fung VSC 26 , Trenkwalder C 27

Affiliations 

  • 1 Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, The Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  • 2 Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • 3 Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
  • 4 CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
  • 5 Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
  • 6 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel and Christian Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
  • 7 Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  • 8 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
  • 9 UAB Libraries, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
  • 10 Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
  • 11 Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
  • 12 Department of Neurology, Expertise Centre Movement Disorders, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  • 13 Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • 14 Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and the Mah Pooi Soo and Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's and Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 15 Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
  • 16 CHU Bordeaux, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
  • 17 Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Kassel, Germany
  • 18 Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  • 19 Adelaide Lackner Professor of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainsville, Florida, USA
  • 20 Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
  • 21 Section of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  • 22 National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
  • 23 Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
  • 24 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
  • 25 Movement Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro Foundation University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 26 Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 27 Paracelsus-Elena Klinik, Kassel, Germany
Mov Disord, 2024 Feb;39(2):259-266.
PMID: 38093469 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29683

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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