The Role of Virtual Reality in Supporting Daily Spiritual Practices Among Muslim Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis Treatment: A Fuzzy Delphi Study

AIM: This study explores' perceptions and expectations of experts regarding the role of VR in supporting daily spirituality practices among Muslim patients undergoing haemodialysis treatment.

METHODS AND DESIGN: The Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) is utilised to gather insights from a panel of experts in nephrology, psychology, Islamic studies, and VR technology. A total of 11 experts was selected based on their expertise and experience in relevant domains to ensure the credibility and validity of the findings.

RESULTS: Key themes emerging from the study include VR's potential to create immersive and meaningful spiritual experiences, alleviate psychological distress, and enhance coping mechanisms. Factors concerning accessibility, cultural sensitivity, and integration into clinical settings are also highlighted as important considerations.

CONCLUSION: The study explores how VR technology can aid Muslim haemodialysis patients in spiritual routines. It underscores the significance of holistic healthcare methods in addressing patients' spiritual and psychological needs. Future research should aim to develop VR-based therapies tailored for these patients while considering practical and ethical challenges in medical settings.

IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: The findings of this study have significant practical implications for designing and implementing VR interventions in healthcare settings. Developing VR content that is culturally sensitive and aligned with Islamic practices is crucial for its acceptance and effectiveness. Integrating VR into the spiritual practices of Muslim haemodialysis patients also raises ethical and pragmatic considerations.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contributions were made in this study.