Efficacy and Complications of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation With and Without Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an effective treatment for severe aortic stenosis in high-risk patients. Several complications related to the TAVI procedure, including aortic regurgitation (AR), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and the requirement for permanent pacemaker (PPM), are thought to be secondary to balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) before TAVI. The aim of the present review was to evaluate any beneficial role of the direct TAVI approach over BAVTAVI.

METHODS: A comprehensive search of major databases was performed. Only studies comparing TAVI with and without BAV were included. A total of nine full length articles was included in the analysis.

RESULTS: Among 2,650 patients, 1,043 underwent 'direct TAVI' without pre-BAV, while 1,607 underwent TAVI following BAV. Overall, there was no difference between the 30-day all-cause mortality (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.63-1.47, p = 0.86), CVA (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.34-1.92, p = 0.63) and PPM implantation (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.66- 1.05, p = 0.12) between the two approaches. The rate of moderate to severe AR was significantly lower with direct TAVI implantation (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.20-0.96, p = 0.04). In the case of self-expandable valves, direct TAVI was associated with a lower device success (OR 5.15, 95% CI 1.33-19.9, p = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS: No difference was identified in mortality between direct TAVI and BAV-TAVI. However, direct TAVI is associated with a lower incidence of AR, a finding that would only be confirmed by conducting further randomized studies.