Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Oral Biology, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan and Department Oral Biology and Biomedical sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University Malaya, Kuala lumpur, Malaysia
  • 2 Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Malaysia
  • 3 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 4 Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
J Pak Med Assoc, 2017 Jan;67(1):116-120.
PMID: 28065967

Abstract

Dental enamel, an avascular, irreparable, outermost and protective layer of the human clinical crown has a potential to withstand the physico-chemical effects and forces. These properties are being regulated by a unique association among elements occurring in the crystallites setup of human dental enamel. Calcium and phosphate are the major components (hydroxyapatite) in addition to some trace elements which have a profound effect on enamel. The current review was planned to determine the aptitude of various trace elements to substitute and their influence on human dental enamel in terms of physical and chemical properties.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.