Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
  • 2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
  • 3 Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia-UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
  • 4 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Malaysia
Diagnostics (Basel), 2021 May 07;11(5).
PMID: 34067203 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050843

Abstract

A force-invariant feature extraction method derives identical information for all force levels. However, the physiology of muscles makes it hard to extract this unique information. In this context, we propose an improved force-invariant feature extraction method based on nonlinear transformation of the power spectral moments, changes in amplitude, and the signal amplitude along with spatial correlation coefficients between channels. Nonlinear transformation balances the forces and increases the margin among the gestures. Additionally, the correlation coefficient between channels evaluates the amount of spatial correlation; however, it does not evaluate the strength of the electromyogram signal. To evaluate the robustness of the proposed method, we use the electromyogram dataset containing nine transradial amputees. In this study, the performance is evaluated using three classifiers with six existing feature extraction methods. The proposed feature extraction method yields a higher pattern recognition performance, and significant improvements in accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1 score are found. In addition, the proposed method requires comparatively less computational time and memory, which makes it more robust than other well-known feature extraction methods.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.