Independent and interactive associations of dietary nitrate and salt intake with blood pressure and cognitive function: a cross-sectional analysis in the InCHIANTI study

McGrattan AM 1 , Stephan BCM 2 , Shannon OM 3 , Mazidi M 4 , Gilchrist M 5 , Smallwood M 6 Show all authors , Winyard P 6 , McMahon N 7 , Blekkenhorst LC 8 , Mohan D 9 , Bandinelli S 10 , Robinson L 11 , Ferrucci L 12 , Siervo M 13

Affiliations 

  • 1 School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
  • 2 School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
  • 3 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
  • 4 Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
  • 5 Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, Devon, UK
  • 6 College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
  • 7 School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
  • 8 School of Medical and Health Sciences, Institute for Nutrition Research, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
  • 9 Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
  • 10 Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, InCHIANTI Study Group, LHTC Local Health Tuscany Center, Florence, Italy
  • 11 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle up-on Tyne, UK
  • 12 Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
  • 13 School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2021 Nov 16.
PMID: 34783276 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1993157

Abstract

Blood pressure (BP) control is a key target for interventions to reduce cognitive decline. This cross-sectional study explored associations between objective (24-hour urine excretion) and subjective (food frequency questionnaire [FFQ]) measures of dietary sodium and nitrate intakes with cognitive function and resting BP in the InCHIANTI cohort. Baseline data from 989 participants aged >50 years were included. In fully adjusted models, participants with concurrent high nitrate and low sodium (Odds Ratio (OR)=0.49, 95%CI 0.32-0.76, p = 0.001) and high nitrate and high sodium (OR = 0.49, 95%CI 0.32-0.77, p = 0.002) 24-hour urinary concentrations had lower odds of high BP than participants with low nitrate and high sodium concentrations. We found no significant associations between sodium and nitrate intakes (24-hour urinary concentrations and FFQ) and poor cognitive performance. Urinary nitrate excretion was associated with lower BP and results appeared to be independent of sodium intake. Further analyses in longitudinal studies are required to substantiate these findings.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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