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  1. Ahmad Ruzain, S., Zar Chi, T., Syed Baharom, S.A.F.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(2):164-169.
    MyJurnal
    Presented herein is a case of one different morphological anomaly of pronator quadratus (PQ) muscle. Here, the shape of PQ was not similar to the normal morphology of the muscle. The PQ muscle appeared to be in distinct triangular-shaped instead of quadrangular-shaped. In addition, this triangular-shaped was found in two sites i.e. proximal and distal. Significantly, the PQ muscle consisted of two fleshy red fibres and white aponeurosis. Proximally placed portion had a wide base and a narrower apex. The larger base was attached to the ulna and formed of fleshy red fibres which converged laterally to be continuous with aponeurosis ending on the radius. In contrast, the distal triangular portion had the fleshy fibres attached to the radius and converged medially to be continuous with aponeurotic portions on the ulna. Each portion were referred as pronator triangularis proximalis and pronator triangularis distalis. These variations might affect atypically in cases of forearm pronation. Information of these variations is important in hand surgeries and provide an additional knowledge on the relationship between morphology of PQ muscle and the limitation or the strength in the action of it.
  2. Zar Chi, T., Ahmad Ruzain, S., Mohammad Johari, I., Syed Baharom S. A. F.
    Medicine & Health, 2017;12(2):368-374.
    MyJurnal
    Bisep brachii (BB) adalah salah satu otot yang mempunyai pelbagai variasi.
    Terkini, kebanyakan maklumat adalah berkenaan variasi asal otot, namun terdapat
    beberapa kes yang melaporkan variasi dalam sisipan BB. Dibentangkan di sini
    kes BB otot yang mempunyai kedua-dua varian asal dan sisipan dalam otot yang
    sama. Varian asal BB adalah panjang dan besar di kepala ketiga (10.2 cm lebar
    dan 4.9 cm tebal) yang timbul dari pertengahan badan humerus. Lebih signifikan
    lagi, bahagian tengah kepala meliputi dan menyembunyikan bahagian bawah
    saraf median dan arteri brachial sebagai gerbang yang berterusan medially untuk
    disisipkan ke epicondyle medial humerus. Dalam laporan ini, kami membincangkan
    mekanisma yang mungkin untuk pemampatan neurovaskular oleh kepala ketiga
    otot BB yang tidak normal dan perubahan BB dari asal dan sisipan. Memahami
    perubahan ini adalah sangat penting dalam prosedur pembedahan di sekeliling
    sendi siku dan lengan atas dan ia juga memberi ruang untuk diagnosis pembezaan
    sindrom perangkap saraf
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