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Fulltext Diagnostic challenges of superficial mucoceles: An update

Pandarathodiyil AK, Sivapathasundharam B

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol, 2023;27(4):616-621.
PMID: 38304527 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_470_23

A superficial mucocele is a unique variant of a mucocele of the oral cavity that was described by Eveson for the first time in 1988. It occurs due to subepithelial extravasation of sialomucin at the epithelial-connective tissue interface and is related to damage of the minor salivary gland ducts. Clinically, they appear as small, asymptomatic, clear, tense vesicles with a predilection for the soft palate, retromolar pads, and posterior buccal mucosa. They are reported to occur more frequently in women than in men. Before Eveson endeavoured to describe these rather peculiar lesions, they were often misdiagnosed as vesiculobullous lesions such as bullous lichen planus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and the like. It is incumbent on the present-day pathologist to be cognizant of the presence of these entities as it could present a formidable diagnostic challenge otherwise. This review gives an updated account on the etiology, prevalence, clinical features, differential diagnosis, and management of superficial mucoceles.
Dentistry and the Pandemic: A Year of Reckoning

Vijayan SP, Pandarathodiyil AK

J Contemp Dent Pract, 2021 Apr 01;22(4):325-326.
PMID: 34266997

In March 2020, the world that we know irrevocably changed forever. It feels like "Groundhog Day" all over again, and it seems that the nightmare is here to stay. It all began on the January 8, 2020, when China grimly announced that coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2)1 but it was not until March 2020 that the situation swiftly careened out of control and is unequivocally posing the greatest challenge to humanity worldwide since the end of the Second World War. While the scientific community heroically galvanized itself and raced against time to provide viable solutions to this formidable foe in the form of vaccines, the worldwide dental fraternity has had to grapple with an extraordinary situation evolving in real-time and ensure that we responded robustly to this daunting health emergency that has spared no corner of our beloved planet. Initially, COVID-19 ensured cessation of all non-urgent dental care in most parts of the world but with increasingly significant inputs about the nature of the pathogen from the scientific community, the dental community has been able to cobble together a workable plan in reconfiguring and restructuring the dental practice in consonance with the situation at hand. It is fiendishly arduous to estimate the massive impact on the dental profession, but it is safe to assume it to be substantial.
An article on "letter to the editor"

Pandarathodiyil AK, Vijayan SP, Sivapathasundharam B

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol, 2023;27(2):254-256.
PMID: 37854909 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_65_23

A 'Letter to the Editor' is an abbreviated form of communication where 'readers' can express their carefully considered scientific opinion about a recently published article in a journal. It is considered as 'post-publication peer review'. There are certain things that a letter writer and the 'editor' need to keep in mind while writing a 'Letter' for a journal. The 'editor' needs to curate the contents of the 'Letter' and make sure that there are no misinformation shared. The formatting, type, scope and the scientific quality of the 'Letter' depend on the journal that publishes them, and hence, different publications may require their 'letter writers' to present the information that they want in a certain way. The following article reflects an overview of the role of editors and writers, guidelines, scope, and format of the 'Letter to the Editor'.
Fulltext Pyramiding of drought yield QTLs into a high quality Malaysian rice cultivar MRQ74 improves yield under reproductive stage drought

Shamsudin NAA, Swamy BPM, Ratnam W, Sta Cruz MT, Sandhu N, Raman AK, et al.

Rice (N Y), 2016 Dec;9(1):21.
PMID: 27164982 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-016-0093-6

BACKGROUND: With the objective of improving the grain yield (GY) of the Malaysian high quality rice cultivar MRQ74 under reproductive stage drought stress (RS), three drought yield QTLs, viz. qDTY 2.2, qDTY 3.1 , and qDTY 12.1 were pyramided by marker assisted breeding (MAB). Foreground selection using QTL specific markers, recombinant selection using flanking markers, and background selections were performed in every generation. BC1F3 derived pyramided lines (PLs) with different combinations of qDTY 2.2, qDTY 3.1 , and qDTY 12.1 were evaluated under both RS and non-stress (NS) during the dry season (DS) of 2013 and 2014 at IRRI.
RESULTS: The GY reductions in RS trials compared to NS trials ranged from 79 to 99 %. Plant height (PH) was reduced and days to flowering (DTF) was delayed under RS. Eleven BC1F5 MRQ74 PLs with yield advantages of 1009 to 3473 kg ha(-1) under RS and with yields equivalent to MRQ74 under NS trials were identified as promising drought tolerance PLs. Five best PLs, IR 98010-126-708-1-4, IR 98010-126-708-1-3, IR 98010-126-708-1-5, IR 99616-44-94-1-1, and IR 99616-44-94-1-2 with a yield advantage of more than 1000 kg ha(-1) under RS and with yield potential equivalent to that of MRQ74 under NS were selected. The effect of three drought grain yield QTLs under RS in MRQ74 was validated. Under NS, PLs with two qDTY combinations (qDTY 2.2 + qDTY 12.1 ) performed better than PLs with other qDTY combinations, indicating the presence of a positive interaction between qDTY 2.2 and qDTY 12.1 in the MRQ74 background.
CONCLUSION: Drought tolerant MRQ74 PLs with a yield advantage of more than 1000 kg ha(-1) under RS were developed. Differential yield advantages of different combinations of the qDTYs indicate a differential synergistic relationship among qDTYs.
Targeting inflammatory signaling in obsessive compulsive disorder: a promising approach

Bhatt S, Anitha K, Chellappan DK, Mukherjee D, Shilpi S, Suttee A, et al.

Metab Brain Dis, 2024 Feb;39(2):335-346.
PMID: 37950815 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01314-3

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder. Approximately, around 2% to 3% percent of the general population experience symptoms of OCD over the course of their lifetime. OCD can lead to economic burden, poor quality of life, and disability. The characteristic features exhibited generally in OCD are continuous intrusive thoughts and periodic ritualized behaviours. Variations in genes, pathological function of Cortico-Striato-Thalamo-Cortical (CSTC) circuits and dysregulation in the synaptic conduction have been the major factors involved in the pathological progression of OCD. However, the basic mechanisms still largely unknown. Current therapies for OCD largely target monoaminergic neurotransmitters (NTs) in specific dopaminergic and serotonergic circuits. However, such therapies have limited efficacy and tolerability. Drug resistance has been one of the important reasons reported to critically influence the effectiveness of the available drugs. Inflammation has been a crucial factor which is believed to have a significant importance in OCD progression. A significant number of proinflammatory cytokines have been reportedly amplified in patients with OCD. Mechanisms of drug treatment involve attenuation of the symptoms via modulation of inflammatory signalling pathways, modification in brain structure, and synaptic plasticity. Hence, targeting inflammatory signaling may be considered as a suitable approach in the treatment of OCD. The present review focuses mainly on the significant findings from the animal and human studies conducted in this area, that targets inflammatory signaling in neurological conditions. In addition, it also focusses on the therapeutic approaches that target OCD via modification of the inflammatory signaling pathways.