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  1. Fulltext Understanding the Relationship between Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Staff of an University in Malaysia
    Bo MS, Cheah WL, Lwin S, Moe Nwe T, Win TT, Aung M
    J Nutr Metab, 2018;2018:7027624.
    PMID: 30116641 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7027624
    Background: Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was found to be one of the strongest markers in predicting the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study was to determine the AIP and its relationship with other CVD risk factors.

    Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among 349 staff of a public university in Sarawak. Data were collected using questionnaire, blood sampling, and anthropometric and blood pressure measurement. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20.

    Results: A total of 349 respondents participated with majority females (66.8%), aged 38.5 ± 7.82 years. Nearly 80% of the respondents were overweight and obese, 87.1% with high and very high body fat, and 46.9% with abnormal visceral fat. For AIP category, 8.9% were found to be in intermediate and 16.4% were at high risk. Elevated lipid profile showed that total cholesterol (TC) is 15.5%, low density lipoprotein (LDL) is 16.1%, and triglyceride (TG) is 10.6%. AIP was significantly correlated with body mass index (r=0.25), visceral fat (r=0.37), TC (r=0.22), LDL (0.24), HDL (r=-0.72), TG (r=0.84), glucose (r=0.32), systolic blood pressure (r=0.22), and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.28).

    Conclusion: It indicated that AIP is associated with other CVD risk factors. Modification of lifestyle is strongly recommended.

  2. Fulltext The Interplay Between Obesity, Gut Microbiota and Early-onset Colorectal Cancer
    Kendong SMA, Razali NN, Bo MS, Sarkawi M, Mokhtar MH, Hamid AA
    In Vivo, 2026;40(6):3297-3310.
    PMID: 42957227 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.14478
    The global incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is rising at an alarming rate, particularly among individuals under the age of 50, referred to as early-onset CRC (EOCRC). While genetic predisposition accounts for approximately 20% of the total cases, the majority are influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors. Among these, the rising prevalence of obesity is a major modifiable contributor to EOCRC pathogenesis. This narrative review explores the multifaceted role of obesity in EOCRC, focusing on how diet-induced adiposity reshapes the gut microbiota and host metabolic signaling. We synthesize evidence on how obesity-associated dysbiosis, characterized by the depletion of protective, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and the enrichment of genotoxic pathobionts, compromises intestinal barrier integrity and promotes a "leaky gut" phenotype. In addition, we explore the systemic consequences of obesity-driven inflammation, including M1-polarized macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, dysregulated adipokine signaling, and the hyperactivation of the insulin-IGF-1 axis. By integrating epidemiological data with molecular mechanisms, this review highlights how the synergy between metabolic dysfunction and microbial alterations creates a fertile niche for early-onset carcinogenesis. These findings underscore the importance of targeting lifestyle interventions to mitigate the rising burden of obesity and reduce the risk of EOCRC progression.
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