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Emerging Promise of Phytochemicals in Ameliorating Neurological Disorders

Jayaraman M, Dutta P, Krishnan S, Arora K, Sivakumar D, Raghavendran HRB

CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets, 2022 Jul 01.
PMID: 35786341 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220701153926

BACKGROUND: The field of medicine and synthetic drug development have advanced rapidly over the past few decades. However, research on alternative medicine such as phytochemicals cannot be ignored. The main reason for prominent curiosity about phytochemicals stems from the belief that usage of natural compounds is safer and has lesser detrimental side effects.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present review was to discuss in detail with several phytochemicals that have been studied or are being studied in the context of various neurological disorders including depression, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and even neuroinflammatory disorders such as encephalitis.
METHODS: The potential role of phytochemicals in the treatment or management of symptoms associated with neurological disorders have been included in this article. All data included in this paper has been pooled from various databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer and Wiley Online Library.
RESULTS: Phytochemicals have been widely studied for their therapeutic properties associated with neurological disorders. Using various experimental techniques for both in vivo and in vitro experiments, studies have shown that phytochemicals do have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities which play major roles in the treatment of neurological diseases.
CONCLUSION: Even though there has been compelling evidence of the therapeutic role of phytochemicals, further research is still required to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these medicines. Using previously published papers as foundation for additional research such as preclinical studies and clinical trials, phytochemicals can become a safer alternative to synthetic drugs for treating a spectrum of neurological diseases.
Fulltext Ecology and epidemiology of multidrug resistance Salmonella in fruit Bats and shared water sources in Bangladesh

Uddin MH, Dutta P, Islam M, Rahman MK, Islam S, Karim MR, et al.

PLoS One, 2026;21(10):e0361701.
PMID: 42961893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0361701

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global threat to both animal and human health, underscoring the importance of AMR surveillance across all sectors of the One Health triad, including wildlife. Fruit bats in Bangladesh frequently inhabit areas in close proximity to human settlements and livestock facilities, creating ecological conditions that facilitate the co-occurrence of AMR bacteria through direct contact or shared contaminated environments. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. isolation and the proportion of antimicrobial-resistant isolates among confirmed positives, characterize resistance patterns across multiple antimicrobial classes, and identify associated risk factors in fruit bat populations and environmental water sources in Bangladesh. We collected 369 fecal samples from the roosts of two bat species, Pteropus medius and Rousettus leschenaultii, along with 22 water samples from water bodies utilized by humans, livestock, and bats. Salmonella spp. isolates were identified using selective agar culture, followed by biochemical testing and confirmation via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Confirmed isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing via the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against 12 antimicrobials. The prevalence of AMR Salmonella spp. was 7.9% (95% CI: 5.3-11.1%) in bat's roost fecal samples and 31.8% (95% CI: 13.9-54.9%) in environmental water samples. Bat-derived isolates showed high resistance to tetracycline (93%), nalidixic acid (86%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (80%), and azithromycin (76%). Among the identified AMR isolates, 28 (96.5%) met the criteria for multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes. Water-derived isolates also demonstrated high resistance, particularly to tetracycline (86%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (75%), azithromycin (73%), ceftriaxone (72%), and ciprofloxacin (71%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio (OR) of detection of MDR Salmonella spp. in fruit bats was 5.1 times higher during the summer season compared to winter. These findings highlight the evidence of MDR Salmonella spp. in fruit bats and shared environmental water sources in Bangladesh. The co-occurrence of resistant isolates across wildlife and environmental samples highlights the need for integrated AMR surveillance encompassing wildlife reservoirs and shared ecological interfaces. Strengthened antimicrobial stewardship, improved wastewater management, and coordinated One Health surveillance strategies are essential to mitigate the risk of zoonotic spillover and reduce further ecological overlap of MDR bacteria at the wildlife-livestock-human interface in Bangladesh and the broader South Asian region.
Fulltext Proteomic Analysis of the Human Anterior Pituitary Gland

Yelamanchi SD, Tyagi A, Mohanty V, Dutta P, Korbonits M, Chavan S, et al.

OMICS, 2018 12;22(12):759-769.
PMID: 30571610 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0160

The pituitary function is regulated by a complex system involving the hypothalamus and biological networks within the pituitary. Although the hormones secreted from the pituitary have been well studied, comprehensive analyses of the pituitary proteome are limited. Pituitary proteomics is a field of postgenomic research that is crucial to understand human health and pituitary diseases. In this context, we report here a systematic proteomic profiling of human anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) using high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry. A total of 2164 proteins were identified in this study, of which 105 proteins were identified for the first time compared with high-throughput proteomic-based studies from human pituitary glands. In addition, we identified 480 proteins with secretory potential and 187 N-terminally acetylated proteins. These are the first region-specific data that could serve as a vital resource for further investigations on the physiological role of the human anterior pituitary glands and the proteins secreted by them. We anticipate that the identification of previously unknown proteins in the present study will accelerate biomedical research to decipher their role in functioning of the human anterior pituitary gland and associated human diseases.

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