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RANK-RANKL-OPG expression after gingival mesenchymal stem cell hypoxia preconditioned application in an orthodontic tooth movement animal model

Nugraha AP, Ernawati DS, Narmada IB, Bramantoro T, Riawan W, Situmorang PC, et al.

J Oral Biol Craniofac Res, 2023;13(6):781-790.
PMID: 38028229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.10.009

BACKGROUND: The expression of receptor activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL), as well as osteoprotegrin (OPG), in the alveolar bone (AB), may improve bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). It is hypothesized that hypoxia-preconditioned gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC) may be more effective than normoxia-preconditioned GMSC in this regard. This study aims to investigate the expression of RANK, RANKL, and OPG in the compression and tension sides of AB after allogeneic administration of GMSC that were normoxia or hypoxia-preconditioned in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) undergoing OTM.
METHODS: Twenty-four healthy young male rabbits were divided into two groups: T1, which underwent OTM and received normoxia-preconditioned GMSC, and T2, which underwent OTM and received hypoxia-preconditioned GMSC. A ligature wire was attached to the mandibular first molar and connected to a 50 g/mm2 closed coil spring, exerting force on the central incisor and left mandibular molar of the experimental animals. After 24 h of OTM, either normoxia- or hypoxia-preconditioned GMSC were injected into the gingiva of the samples in a single dose of 20 μl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). All samples were sacrificed on days 7, 14, and 28, and immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the expression of RANK, RANKL, and OPG on the tension and compression sides.
RESULTS: The expressions of RANK-RANKL-OPG in the alveolar bone of the compression and tension sides were significantly different during the 14-day period of OTM following allogeneic administration of GMSC that were normoxia or hypoxia-preconditioned (p
Fulltext Anti-Periodontopathogenic Ability of Mangrove Leaves (Aegiceras corniculatum) Ethanol Extract: In silico and in vitro study

Nugraha AP, Sibero MT, Nugraha AP, Puspitaningrum MS, Rizqianti Y, Rahmadhani D, et al.

Eur J Dent, 2023 Feb;17(1):46-56.
PMID: 35453169 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741374

OBJECTIVE: Mangrove (Aegiceras corniculatum) is an abundant natural marine resource of Indonesia, which can be explored for treating periodontal disease due to its potential as immunoregulatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the active compound from Indonesian mangrove leaf extract (A. corniculatum) (MLE) for developing a herbal-based mouthwash through in silico and in vitro studies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Phytochemistry and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) were done to explore the active compounds in MLE. Chemistry screening and interaction, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), molecular docking simulation, and visualization of MLE active compounds as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial were investigated in silico The inhibition zone of MLE against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) as periodontopathogenic bacterias was performed by diffusion method. Doxycycline 100 mg was used as a positive control, as a treatment group, there were five groups, namely 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% MLE.
RESULTS: Alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, tannin, and quinone were detected in MLE. A high concentration of (-)epicatechin and coumaric acid (CA) were found in MLE. MLE in 100% concentration has the most effective ability to inhibit Fn, Pg, Aa growth in vitro. (-)-Epicatechin has a higher negative binding affinity than CA that can enhance heat shock protein (HSP)-30, HSP-70, HSP-90, interleukin-10, and FOXP3 and also inhibit interleukin-6, peptidoglycan, flagellin, and dectin in silico.
CONCLUSION: MLE of A. corniculatum has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities that can be a potential raw material for developing a herbal-based mouthwash.
Fulltext Malondialdehyde Level and Tissue Apoptosis Count as an Early-Detection Marker of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Firdausa AY, Ahimsa SS, Ahmada RA, Sukmawati NF, Ernawati DS, Parmadiati AE, et al.

Eur J Dent, 2023 Feb;17(1):155-160.
PMID: 35436787 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743154

OBJECTIVES: The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and TA count represent the progression of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) to malignancy and thus may be used as an indicator of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). This study aimed to determine the MDA level and tissue apoptosis (TA) count in oropharyngeal tissue of Wistar rats exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into three groups: T4 group (4-week cigarette smoke exposure), T8 group (8-week cigarette smoke exposure), and control group, which was not exposed to cigarette smoke. The oropharyngeal tissue of the rats from each group was examined histopathologically to count the number of apoptotic cells, and then the blood serum was made to measure the MDA level.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Bonferroni test was performed to see the differences in each group for MDA level. While the data from tissue apoptosis were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test for the significance. All data were considered significant if p < 0.05.
RESULTS: The MDA level and TA count increased as the duration of cigarette smoke exposure increased. In the T8 group, the MDA level and TA count were significantly higher compared with the T4 and control groups with a p-value
Fulltext The Response of the Tongue Epithelial on Cigarette Smoke Exposure as a Risk Factor for Oral Cancer Development

Prasetyaningtyas N, Jatiatmaja NA, Radithia D, Hendarti HT, Parmadiati AE, Hadi P, et al.

Eur J Dent, 2021 May;15(2):320-324.
PMID: 33285573 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721312

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze the tongue epithelial response to cigarette smoke exposure on a number of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression to determine the risk factor of oral cancer development.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty Rattus norvegicus will be exposed to two kinds of cigarette smoke by a smoking pump for 4 and 8 weeks. The tongues were collected to analyze the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells with hematoxylin-eosin. The MMP-9 expression was similarly analyzed with immunohistochemical staining and then compared with the control group.
RESULTS: The number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and MMP-9 expression was higher in the 8-week cigarette smoke exposure compared to the 4-week cigarette smoke exposure and the control group (p < 0.000). The number of plasma cell did not differ in the 8-week cigarette smoke exposure from that of the control group (p > 0.05). The number of plasma cells in the tongue tissue during the 4-week cigarette smoke exposure was not determined.
CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoke exposure induces the risk of oral cancer development as a result of an increase in the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and MMP-9 expression in the tongue epithelial.