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  1. A destructive active defense algorithm for deepfake face images
    Yang Y, Idris NB, Liu C, Wu H, Yu D
    PeerJ Comput Sci, 2024;10:e2356.
    PMID: 39678290 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.2356
    The harm caused by deepfake face images is increasing. To proactively defend against this threat, this paper innovatively proposes a destructive active defense algorithm for deepfake face images (DADFI). This algorithm adds slight perturbations to the original face images to generate adversarial samples. These perturbations are imperceptible to the human eye but cause significant distortions in the outputs of mainstream deepfake models. Firstly, the algorithm generates adversarial samples that maintain high visual fidelity and authenticity. Secondly, in a black-box scenario, the adversarial samples are used to attack deepfake models to enhance their offensive capabilities. Finally, destructive attack experiments were conducted on the mainstream face datasets CASIA-FaceV5 and CelebA. The results demonstrate that the proposed DADFI algorithm not only improves the generation speed of adversarial samples but also increases the success rate of active defense. This achievement can effectively reduce the harm caused by deepfake face images.
  2. Fulltext Evaluation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia: Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in the older patients in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia
    Hasmukharay K, Ngoi ST, Saedon NI, Tan KM, Khor HM, Chin AV, et al.
    BMC Infect Dis, 2023 Apr 18;23(1):241.
    PMID: 37072768 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08206-y
    BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia is a major concern in the global healthcare system. However, data from Asian regions dealing with the singularity of this infection in older persons is lacking. We aimed to identify the differences in the clinical characteristics and outcomes of MRSA bacteremia between adults aged 18-64 and ≥ 65 years.

    METHODS: A retrospective study cohort was conducted at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) on cases of MRSA bacteremia from 2012 to 2016. Patient demographic and clinical data were collected for risk factors analyses.

    RESULTS: New cases of MRSA bacteremia showed a trend of increase from 0.12 to 100 admissions in 2012 to 0.17 per 100 admissions in 2016 but a drop was observed in 2014 (0.07 per 100 admissions). Out of the 275 patients with MRSA bacteremia, 139 (50.5%) patients were aged ≥ 65 years old. Co-morbidities and severity at presentation were significantly higher among older adults, including diabetes mellitus (p = 0.035), hypertension (p = 0.001), and ischemic heart disease (p 

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