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  1. Fulltext Influence of organic molecules on wetting characteristics of mica/H2/brine systems: Implications for hydrogen structural trapping capacities
    Ali M, Yekeen N, Pal N, Keshavarz A, Iglauer S, Hoteit H
    J Colloid Interface Sci, 2022 Feb 15;608(Pt 2):1739-1749.
    PMID: 34742087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.080
    HYPOTHESIS: Actualization of the hydrogen (H2) economy and decarbonization goals can be achieved with feasible large-scale H2 geo-storage. Geological formations are heterogeneous, and their wetting characteristics play a crucial role in the presence of H2, which controls the pore-scale distribution of the fluids and sealing capacities of caprocks. Organic acids are readily available in geo-storage formations in minute quantities, but they highly tend to increase the hydrophobicity of storage formations. However, there is a paucity of data on the effects of organic acid concentrations and types on the H2-wettability of caprock-representative minerals and their attendant structural trapping capacities.

    EXPERIMENT: Geological formations contain organic acids in minute concentrations, with the alkyl chain length ranging from C4 to C26. To fully understand the wetting characteristics of H2 in a natural geological picture, we aged mica mineral surfaces as a representative of the caprock in varying concentrations of organic molecules (with varying numbers of carbon atoms, lignoceric acid C24, lauric acid C12, and hexanoic acid C6) for 7 days. To comprehend the wettability of the mica/H2/brine system, we employed a contact-angle procedure similar to that in natural geo-storage environments (25, 15, and 0.1 MPa and 323 K).

    FINDINGS: At the highest investigated pressure (25 MPa) and the highest concentration of lignoceric acid (10-2 mol/L), the mica surface became completely H2 wet with advancing (θa= 106.2°) and receding (θr=97.3°) contact angles. The order of increasing θa and θr with increasing organic acid contaminations is as follows: lignoceric acid > lauric acid > hexanoic acid. The results suggest that H2 gas leakage through the caprock is possible in the presence of organic acids at higher physio-thermal conditions. The influence of organic contamination inherent at realistic geo-storage conditions should be considered to avoid the overprediction of structural trapping capacities and H2 containment security.

  2. Fulltext A Critical Review on Parameters Affecting the Feasibility of Underground Hydrogen Storage
    Bagchi C, Patwardhan SD, Iglauer S, Ben Mahmud H, Ali MFJ
    ACS Omega, 2025 Apr 01;10(12):11658-11696.
    PMID: 40191361 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10442
    The need and demand for energy are ever increasing with the rapid urbanization of the global population. Near-future economic development and consequent expected industrialization are the strongest indicators of the rising energy requirement. Though fossil fuel and coal are catering toward a major chunk of energy demand, their negative or adverse impact in terms of emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and carbon dioxide (CO2) is causing global warming and imbalance in environmental conditions, leading to a search for commercially viable alternate energy types. As renewable energies like solar and wind are weather-dependent, the search for an alternate energy supply needs to be done even more urgently. Hydrogen (H2), being a carrier of alternate energy and not an energy source, can deliver or store a significant amount of energy. The stored energy can be utilized for the generation of power, electricity, and heat. Further, hydrogen is very pure in nature and therefore is widely useful from a flexibility and efficiency standpoint. It represents the predominant constituent within the natural environment, totaling about three-fourths of the universe. Storage of hydrogen has gained significance in recent times, and subsurface storage is being looked upon as a viable alternative. However, the successful storage of hydrogen in the subsurface is a function of critical parameters like wettability, capillary pressure, relative permeability, diffusion, microbial activities, etc., which themselves are dependent upon rock types with their corresponding mineralogical compositions, along with associated pressures and temperatures. This work critically reviews the impact that these parameters would have on the storability of hydrogen in the subsurface, evaluates the best possible solution, and recommends a future course of action through insights derived, which need to be considered while considering underground hydrogen storage.
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