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  1. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in Children and Adolescent of Qazvin, Iran
    Jalilolghadr S, Javadi A, Mahram M, Farshidgohar M, Javadi M
    Malays J Med Sci, 2015 Nov;22(6):32-39.
    PMID: 28223883
    BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is increasing worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MetSyn and insulin resistance (IR) in children and adolescents in Qazvin, Iran.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 338 children and adolescents aged 10-18 years old who were selected by a multistage cluster random sampling method. We performed standardised measurements of variables including waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, plasma glucose level, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides, and insulin. MetSyn was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. IR was estimated by the homeostatic model assessment.

    RESULTS: Of the 338 total subjects, 172 were female. The overall prevalence of MetSyn and IR were 3.4% and 18.2%, respectively. There was no sex difference for the prevalence of MetSyn. A total of 185 subjects (56.4%) had one or two components of MetSyn. The most common component was low HDL levels in both sexes, which was followed by high WC in females and high fasting plasma glucose levels in males.

    CONCLUSION: The lack of a standard definition of MetSyn in children and adolescents combined with the geographical and socioeconomic differences make it difficult to compare the results from different studies. Modification of lifestyle habits is an important strategy in preventing MetSyn and IR.

  2. Hydrothermally extraction of saponin from Acanthophyllum glandulosum root - Physico-chemical characteristics and antibacterial activity evaluation
    Najjar-Tabrizi R, Javadi A, Sharifan A, Chew KW, Lay CH, Show PL, et al.
    Biotechnol Rep (Amst), 2020 Sep;27:e00507.
    PMID: 32775231 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00507
    Saponin was extracted from Acanthophyllum glandulosum root under subcritical water conditions, and effects of root powder and pH of the solution were evaluated on the concentration of the saponin as manifested in its foamability and antioxidant activity using RSM. FT-IR analysis indicated that A. glandulosum root extract had 2 main functional groups (hydroxyl and amide I groups). Saponin with the highest foam height (4.66 cm), concentration (0.080 ppm) and antioxidant activity (90.6 %) was extracted using 10 g of the root powder and pH value of 4. Non-significant differences were observed between the predicted and experimental values of the extraction response variables. The study demonstrated good appropriateness of resulted models by Response Surface Methodology. Furthermore, higher values of R2 was attained for the foamability (>0.81) and antioxidant activity (>0.97), as well as large p-values (p > 0.05) indication of their lack-of-fit response verified the acceptable fitness of the provided models. The extracted saponin also showed bactericidal effect, which shows potential as a natural antibacterial compound.
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