Radiation-induced sarcomas are well-known though uncommon potential late sequelae of radiation therapy. We report irradiation-induced osteosarcoma involving the maxilla following treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a 44-year-old man who presented with painful cheek swelling. Radiographs and computed tomography showed a large destructive lesion of the left maxilla. Diagnosis of osteosarcoma was confirmed by excision biopsy.
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection (NMI) occurs in elderly women with no pre-existing lung disease, and this has been termed the Lady Windermere syndrome. NMIs are increasing in prevalence and an increasing number of pulmonary mycobacterial infections is due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria. The diagnosis is often difficult because the organism is not readily isolated or cultured, and the condition may not be considered by the radiologist. We report NMI in a 64-year-old woman, based on clinical and radiological findings. Although termed the Lady Windermere syndrome, the name does not correspond to the character in Oscar Wilde's play; hence the eponym is not widely used.
Epidermal inclusion cyst (EIC) arising from the breast is an uncommon benign condition. We report two cases of enlarging EIC of the breast in two women in their forties. The diagnosis of this condition may not be straightforward with imaging alone if an EIC presents as an enlarging lump in the breast and mimics a benign breast lesion, most commonly a fibroadenoma or malignant lesion with benign imaging features. Excision is usually recommended for a definite histopathological diagnosis and for the prevention of potential risks of malignant transformation. Asymptomatic stable lesions do not require treatment; biopsy is unnecessary, and follow-up imaging suffices if typical sonographic and clinical findings are found.