Anthony Burgess (1917 - 1993) has written a trilogy of novels on the Malay World, namely The
Malayan Trilogy (1964). It has been suggested that the trilogy, which consists of the novels Time for a
Tiger (1956), The Enemy in the Blanket (1958) and Beds in the East (1959), depicts the Islamic
practices through its Muslim Malay characters, displaying their hypocrisy and their wayward Islamic
practices as stated by Zawiyah Yahya (2003). In contrast, the trilogy has rarely been studied based on
elements of the paradigm of Malayness in literature, consisting of six elements, namely the Malay
language, Islam, the Malay rulers, adat/culture, ethnicity, and identity. Therefore, we aim to analyse
one of the novels in the trilogy, The Enemy in the Blanket, in light of Islam as one of the elements
under the paradigm of Malayness in literature as stated by Ida as our primary conceptual framework in
this study. To achieve these objectives, we employ a close textual reading on the novel by analysing
the Muslim Malay characters in The Enemy in the Blanket. The findings show that the Muslim Malay
characters in The Enemy in the Blanket could be considered as wayward Muslims in their practices and
beliefs. Therefore, we would like to reconfirm that the paradigm of Malayness in in fact, an everydaydefined
social reality, as experienced by the people in the course of their everyday life as opposed to it
as an authority-defined social reality, as defined by people of the dominant power structure. It is hoped
that this study will contribute to the on-going discourse on Islam as the paradigm of Malayness as well
as English literature on the Malay World.
Background: Obesity is major contributor to diseases and mortality. Constant weight loss significantly reverses diseases related to obesity and helps prolong human life expectancy. To date, there has been limited scientific evidence comparing the effectiveness of the Aqua Zumba® Fitness program and conventional aqua jog among obese women. Thus, the purpose of this study is to compare the effects between 12 weeks of Aqua Zumba® Fitness and aqua jog on health parameters among middle-age women. Methods: A total of sixty sedentary obese women (BMI >30 kg/m2), aged 40-59 years old were randomized to either Aqua Zumba® Fitness (AZ, n=20), aqua jog (AJ, n=20) or control group (C, n=20). Exercise groups were involved in different 12-week aqua exercise programs, 3 times per week, 60 minutes per session, with an intensity of 50-75% of maximum heart rate. Body mass (BM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat percentage (BF%), waist circumference (WC), upper and lower body strength (UBS and LBS), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and flexibility were measured at baseline (week-0) and post-exercise intervention (week-13). Result: The AZ group demonstrated significant changes (p