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  1. Fulltext Immune response to asymptomatic infections by Entamoeba histolytica and other enteric pathogens in pregnant women and their infants in a high HIV burdened setting in Zimbabwe
    Nhidza AF, Naicker T, Stray-Pedersen B, Chisango TJ, Sibanda EP, Ismail A, et al.
    J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 2020 Aug;53(4):612-621.
    PMID: 30583941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.11.005
    BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic Entamoeba histolytica infections in pregnant women puts infants at risk of infection through vertical transmission or transmission during breastfeeding in high HIV prevalence areas. The study aimed at investigating the immune response to asymptomatic E.histolytica infection in pregnant women and their infants in a high HIV burdened setting in Harare, Zimbabwe.

    METHODOLOGY: Serum samples from 39 predominantly breastfeeding mother-infant pairs were analyzed for inflammatory cytokine and immunoglobulin profiles using BIOPLEX. The infants' ages ranged from 10 days to 14 weeks.

    RESULTS: IL-1r, IL-4, IL-9, IL-12p70, IL-17a, G-CSF and PDGF-BB were significantly raised in E. histolytica infected compared to non-infected lactating mothers (p 

  2. Influence of Maternal Characteristics during Pregnancy on the Infant Early Life Immune Responses in a High HIV Burdened Setting in Harare, Zimbabwe
    Nhidza AF, Naicker T, Stray-Pedersen B, Gumbo F, Chisango T, Sibanda E, et al.
    Afr J Reprod Health, 2018 Sep;22(3):43-50.
    PMID: 30381931 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2018/v22i3.5
    This study aimed at investigating the maternal characteristics that in turn influence the immunological status of infants in asymptomatic enteric pathogen carriers in mother baby pairs (MBPs) in a high HIV burdened population in Harare, Zimbabwe. BIOPLEX immunoassay was used to analyse serum samples from 39 MBPs for 27 cytokines and 6 immunoglobulins. The MBP were purposively selected based on HIV infection and Entamoeba histolytica carriage. Logistic regression was used to identify any link between maternal demographic and clinical data with infant cytokine and immunoglobulin levels. Maternal E. histolytica carriers were more likely to have infants with low levels of IL-12p70, FGF-basic, GM-CSF and TNF-α cytokines (OR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03-0.79) and high levels of IgA immunoglobulin (OR: 8.1; 95% CI: 1.45-45.06). HIV infected mothers were more likely to have infants with low levels of IgG2 (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06-1.00) and IgA (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.05-0.90) immunoglobulins. Notably, it was highly likely to deliver infants with low IgG4 levels (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06-1.02) for maternal mean age above 30.38 years (Standard deviation 6.09) though not significant (p=0.05). Maternal E. histolytica asymptomatic carriage, and HIV-infection status result in low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12p70, FGF-basic, GM-CSF and TNF-α and immunoglobulins IgG2, IgG4 and IgA on their infants.
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