The bottle gourd plant fibres (BGPF) and okra fibres were processed and refined (w/w 6 % NaOH) before being incorporated with polyolefin (polypropylene) for composite fabrication using a blending technique. The polyolefin matrix is used to develop composites with 5 % okra fibres and varying percentages (25, 30, 35 and 40 %) of BGPF. The results indicated that the "35 % BGPF +5 % okra +60 % polypropylene" composition achieved remarkable mechanical properties with tensile strength (26.95 MPa), tensile modulus (3.16 GPa), decreased elongation at break (1.71 %), bending strength (52.53 MPa), bending modulus (3.45 GPa), impact strength (14.25 kJ/m2), and hardness (69 D-shore). Moreover, these composites absorbed minimal water when a specific portion was submerged. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test on the composites revealed good fibre adhesion and adherence content between BGPF and okra fibres. Additionally, the thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry exhibited weight loss of composites during maximum cellulose degradation (80 %) at 483 °C. In the composites of the fibre-PP matrix, two distinct physical changes were observed indicating glass transition and degradation. However, the mechanical properties decreased after soil degradation. Thus, remarkable properties were achieved for the fibres-fibres and fibres-polyolefin (polypropylene) interfacial interactions.
Due to their unique properties, alginate-based biomaterials have been extensively used to treat different diseases, and in the regeneration of diverse organs. A lot of research has been done by the different scientific community to develop biofilms for fulfilling the need for sustainable human health. The aim of this review is to hit upon a hydrogel enhancing the scope of utilization in biomedical applications. The presence of active sites in alginate hydrogels can be manipulated for managing various non-communicable diseases by encapsulating, with the bioactive component as a potential site for chemicals in developing drugs, or for delivering macromolecule nutrients. Gels are accepted for cell implantation in tissue regeneration, as they can transfer cells to the intended site. Thus, this review will accelerate advanced research avenues in tissue engineering and the potential of alginate biofilms in the healthcare sector.