In the current era of medical revolution, genomic testing has guided the healthcare fraternity to develop predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. Predictive screening involves sequencing a whole genome to comprehensively deliver patient care via enhanced diagnostic sensitivity and specific therapeutic targeting. The best example is the application of whole-exome sequencing when identifying aberrant fetuses with healthy karyotypes and chromosomal microarray analysis in complicated pregnancies. To fit into today's clinical practice needs, experimental system biology like genomic technologies, and system biology viz., the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning is required to be attuned to the development of preventive and personalized medicine. As diagnostic techniques are advancing, the selection of medical intervention can gradually be influenced by a person's genetic composition or the cellular profiling of the affected tissue. Clinical genetic practitioners can learn a lot about several conditions from their distinct facial traits. Current research indicates that in terms of diagnosing syndromes, facial analysis techniques are on par with those of qualified therapists. Employing deep learning and computer vision techniques, the face image assessment software DeepGestalt measures resemblances to numerous of disorders. Biomarkers are essential for diagnostic, prognostic, and selection systems for developing personalized medicine viz. DNA from chromosome 21 is counted in prenatal blood as part of the Down's syndrome biomarker screening. This review is based on a detailed analysis of the scientific literature via a vigilant approach to highlight the applicability of predictive diagnostics for the development of preventive, targeted, personalized medicine for clinical application in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3 PM). Additionally, targeted prevention has also been elaborated in terms of gene-environment interactions and next-generation DNA sequencing. The application of 3 PM has been highlighted by an in-depth analysis of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The real-time challenges of genome sequencing and personalized medicine have also been discussed.
Neurological disorders (ND) have affected a major part of our society and have been a challenge for medical and biosciences for decades. However, many of these disorders haven't responded well to currently established treatment approaches. The fact that many active pharmaceutical ingredients can't get to their specified action site inside the body is one of the main reasons for this failure. Extracellular and intracellular central nervous system (CNS) barriers prevent the transfer of drugs from the blood circulation to the intended location of the action. Utilizing nanosized drug delivery technologies is one possible way to overcome these obstacles. These nano-drug carriers outperform conventional dosage forms in many areas, including good drug encapsulation capacity, targeted drug delivery, less toxicity, and enhanced therapeutic impact. As a result, nano-neuroscience is growing to be an intriguing area of research and a bright alternative approach for delivering medicines to their intended action site for treating different neurological and psychiatric problems. In this review, we have included a short overview of the pathophysiology of neurological diseases, a detailed discussion about the significance of nanocarriers in NDs, and a focus on its recent advances. Finally, we highlighted the patented technologies and market trends, including the predictive analysis for the years 2021-2028.