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  1. Fulltext Executive function deficit in patients with long COVID syndrome: A systematic review
    Nasir SM, Yahya N, Yap KH, Manan HA
    Heliyon, 2025 Feb 15;11(3):e41987.
    PMID: 39995935 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41987
    BACKGROUND: Post-COVID-19 condition (Long COVID) refers to a condition in which patients endure persistent symptoms for more than 12 weeks, typically occurring at least 3 months after the onset of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. It occurs when a constellation of symptoms persists following the initial illness, and this may obstruct a daily routine and impose difficulty in life. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review published articles assessing the neurocognitive profile of long COVID patients, with a specific emphasis on executive function (EF), and to determine the correlation between EF deficits and brain alterations through the utilisation of neuroimaging modalities.

    METHODS: A thorough search was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science online databases following the PICOS and PRISMA 2020 guidelines. All included studies were deemed to be of high quality according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).

    RESULTS: A total of 31 out of 3268 articles were included in the present study. The main outcome is the proportion of individuals with cognitive deficits, particularly in the EF domain, as detected by neuropsychological assessments. The present study also revealed that EF deficits in long COVID patients are correlated with disruptions in the frontal and cerebellar regions, affecting processes such as nonverbal reasoning, executive aspects of language, and recall. This consistent disturbance also emphasised the correlation between EF deficits and brain alterations in patients with long COVID.

    CONCLUSION: The present study highlights the importance of evaluating EF deficits in long COVID patients. This insight has the potential to improve future treatments and interventions.

  2. Fulltext The methanolic extract of Garcinia atroviridis (MeGa) reduces body weight and food intake, and improves lipid profiles by altering the lipid metabolism: a rat model
    Lim WF, Nasir SM, Teh LK, James RJ, Izhar MHM, Salleh MZ
    Turk J Biol, 2020;44(6):437-448.
    PMID: 33402870 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2005-2
    Garcinia species are widely used for their slimming effects via increased fat burning and suppression of satiety. However, scientific evidence for the biological effects of Garcinia atroviridis (GA) is lacking. We investigated the phytochemical composition, safety profiles, and antioxidant and antiobesity effects of methanolic extracts of Garcinia atroviridis (MeGa) in obese female rats. Repeated dose toxicity studies were conducted according to the OECD guidelines. Upon sacrifice, haematological, biochemical, lipid profile, and serum-based metabolomics analyses were performed to evaluate metabolic expression changes and their related pathways. MeGa contains several phytochemical groups and GA fruit acids. MeGa was found to be nontoxic in both male and female rats with an oral lethal dose (LD50) of 2000 mg/kg. After 9 weeks of treatment, MeGa-treated obese rats had lower weight gain and better lipid profiles (cholesterol and triglyceride), which correlated with the altered metabolic pathways involved in the metabolism of lipid (glycerophospholipid) and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid. In addition, MeGa caused differential metabolism pathways of arachidonic acid and tryptophan that affect the inflammatory response and suppression of appetite. We concluded that MeGa is safe, and its slimming effects are due to the differential metabolism of lipids.
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