In response to escalating environmental challenges and the pressing need for sustainable energy solutions, policymakers are increasingly focusing on Green Total Factor Productivity (GTFP) as a vital metric for sustainable economic growth. The present study examines the role of GTFP in addressing both economic and environmental objectives by incorporating energy efficiency and pollution mitigation within productivity analysis. The study provides a comprehensive examination of GTFP, with emphasis on major determinants such as agglomeration, environmental regulation, industrial structure, and green finance. Our robust review approach allows us to report methodological and topical contributions through detailed documentation of research collaboration, co-citation analysis and thematic classifications. As environmental policymaking increasingly aim to integrate sustainable development goals, this study offers policymakers and researchers crucial insights into GTFP's capacity to harmonize productivity with environmental stewardship and underscores GTFP's essential role in fulfilling environmental commitments outlined in national and international sustainability frameworks.