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  1. Fulltext Cauda Equina Syndrome: A Review of 15 Patients Who Underwent Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy (PTELD) Under Local Anaesthesia
    Krishnan A, Kohli R, Degulmadi D, Mayi S, Ranjan R, Dave B
    Malays Orthop J, 2020 Jul;14(2):101-110.
    PMID: 32983384 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2007.019
    Introduction: To analyse the results of Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) operated by Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy (PTELD).

    Material and Methods: The study is a retrospective series of 15 patients operated by PTELD. Bladder dysfunction was classified as incomplete CES (CESI) and complete CES retention (CESR). Bladder / motor recovery rate and its timing, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analogue Score (VAS), patient satisfaction index, and sexual dysfunction were used to measure the outcome objectively. Additionally, in CESR patients, post-void residual (PVR) urine was measured by sonography. Complications and technical problems were noted.

    Results: There were ten patients of CESI and five patients of CESR. The average follow-up was 20.33(12.05) months. Bladder symptoms recovery was 100%, and motor recovery was 80%. VAS for back pain recovered to 0.53(0.52) from 8(2.39). VAS for leg pain recovered to 0.13(0.35) from 9.20(1.32). ODI improved to 6.07(2.85) from 77.52(13.20). The time to the recovery of bladder function was 1.47(1.55) days. All CESR patient's abnormal PVR urine was normalised at five weeks post-operative. No complications were reported. However, five technical executional problems occurred.

    Conclusion: PTELD can be considered for CES treatment due to its substantial and quick recovery advantages. However, more evidence support is needed to make it a practice recommendation.

  2. Dynamic trends of dengue fever serotypes in northern India: Exploring clinical manifestations, serotype dissemination, and the influence of mixed infections
    Pandey P, Ranjan R, Agarwal P, Gupta RM, Pandey AK, Das A, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2024 Dec 01;41(4):464-470.
    PMID: 39876504 DOI: 10.47665/tb.41.4.007
    Examining the co-circulation of various serotypes and finding serotypes linked to illness severity were the main objectives of this study, which sought to investigate the epidemiology and serotype distribution of dengue in Haryana, North India. The cross-sectional study, which was carried out in a tertiary care hospital between September 2021 and April 2023, enrolled participants who met WHO criteria for probable dengue fever. Blood samples underwent molecular and serological diagnostics, such as immunochromatographic testing, VIDAS® Dengue NS1 assays, and TRUPCR® Dengue Detection and serotyping kits, in addition to the collection of clinical and demographic data. Dengue was found to be present in 212 of the 536 probable cases, with serotype DENV-2 being the most common. There have also been reports of mixed DENV-1 and DENV-2 infections. Different serotypes caused different lengths of sickness; DENV-2 showed a sustained high RT-PCR positivity. The severity of the disease was linked to distinct serotypes based on significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels between individuals with dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). The study emphasizes how complicated dengue virus infections can be because of the co-circulation of several serotypes and the possibility of mixed infections. Serotypes and illness severity are correlated, which emphasizes the necessity of continuous surveillance and monitoring to improve outbreak prediction and management. These results are critical for guiding clinical judgments and public health policy, especially with relation to the possible introduction of a dengue vaccine.
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