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The infant feeding practices of 2 month-old infants born at the University Hospital

Hamzah Sendut, I., Singh, Surinder, Chan, Patrick

Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1994;6(1):32-35.
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At the University Hospital only 24.3% of Malays, 3.8% Chinese and 5.9% Indians are fully breast fed at 6-8 weeks postnatally. The majority of Chinese infants are exclusively on infant formula (68.6%) and this holds true for the Indians (52.9 %).These figures were obtained 3-4 months after the introduction of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative at the University Hospital. Comparing our data with previous studies we believe that there has been a decline in breast feeding in urban Kuala Lumpur, especially amongst the Indians and Chinese.
Umbilical vein oxytocin in the management of retained placenta: an alternative to manual removal of placenta?

Lim PS, Singh S, Lee A, Muhammad Yassin MA

Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2011 Nov;284(5):1073-9.
PMID: 21136267 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-010-1785-6

Retained placenta is potentially life threatening due to possible complications associated with manual removal. Our aim was to determine whether umbilical vein injection of oxytocin in saline reduces the need for manual removal of placenta.
Fulltext The impact of endometrial thickness (EMT) on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration on pregnancy outcomes: a 5-year retrospective cohort analysis in Malaysia

Chan JM, Sukumar AI, Ramalingam M, Ranbir Singh SS, Abdullah MF

Fertil Res Pract, 2018;4:5.
PMID: 30116547 DOI: 10.1186/s40738-018-0050-8

Background: Chances of pregnancy in relation to endometrial thickness (EMT) remain elusive albeit some literatures suggest poorer pregnancy outcomes below the threshold of 6-7 mm, notwithstanding others perceive detrimental effect at thicker EMT. We aim to examine the implication of EMT on pregnancy outcomes using a cut-off of 8 mm and further explore for any effect of 'thick' EMT in our patient population.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study performed for 162 women to assess the associations between EMT on the human chorionic ganadotropin (hCG) trigger day and pregnancy outcomes in infertile patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and autologous fresh embryo transfer (ET) in controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) cycles under an assisted reproductive technology (ART) shared-care programme between public and private institutions from January 2012 through December 2016.The associations between pregnancy outcomes [Total Pregnancy Rate (TPR), Biochemical Pregnancy Rate (BPR), Clinical Pregnancy Rate (CPR), Ongoing Pregnancy Rate (OPR)/ Live Birth Delivery Rate (LBDR), Miscarriage Rate (MR) and Implantation Rate (IR)] and EMT ( 0.05). All pregnancy outcomes were comparable for ≥14 mm and ≥ 8 to
Factors affecting the distribution of serum anti-müllerian hormone levels among infertile Asian women: a multi-nation, multi-centre, and multi-ethnicity prospective cohort study

Tzeng CR, Huang Z, Asada Y, Zhang C, Ho MT, Li RHW, et al.

Hum Reprod, 2023 Jul 05;38(7):1368-1378.
PMID: 37105234 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead081

STUDY QUESTION: How do age, ethnicity, and other characteristics affect serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in Asian women undergoing fertility treatment?
SUMMARY ANSWER: Age, ethnicity, obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) significantly impacted serum AMH levels, with the rate of decrease accelerating as age increased; a concentration of 4.0 ng/ml was the optimal cut-off for diagnosis of PCOS.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: There are significant differences in ovarian reserve among women from different races and ethnicities, and Asian women often have poorer reproductive outcomes during assisted reproductive treatment cycles.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A population-based multi-nation, multi-centre, multi-ethnicity prospective cohort study of 4613 women was conducted from January 2020 to May 2021. Infertile women of 20-43 years of age were enrolled. The exclusion criteria included: age <20 or >43, non-Asian ethnicity, and missing critical data.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Participants were Asian women of Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Thai, Vietnamese, Malay, Indian, and Indonesian ethnicities from 12 IVF centres across Asia. These women were all naïve to ovarian stimulation cycles and attended IVF centres for fertility assessment. The AMH measurement was performed using an AMH automated assay on a clinically validated platform.
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: A total of 4556 infertile Asian women were included in the final analyses. The mean ± SD for serum AMH concentrations (ng/ml) across specific age groups were: overall, 3.44 ± 2.93; age <30, 4.58 ± 3.16; 30-31, 4.23 ± 3.23; 32-33, 3.90 ± 3.06; 34-35, 3.21 ± 2.65; 36-37, 2.74 ± 2.44; 38-39, 2.30 ± 1.91; 40 and above, 1.67 ± 2.00. The rate of AMH decrease was ∼0.13 ng/ml/year in patients aged 25-33 and 0.31 ng/ml/year in women aged 33-43. The highest rates of PCOS were found in Indians (18.6%), Malays (18.9%), and Vietnamese (17.7%). Age (P
Fulltext Botanicals and Oral Stem Cell Mediated Regeneration: A Paradigm Shift from Artificial to Biological Replacement

Ahuja A, Tyagi PK, Kumar M, Sharma N, Prakash S, Radha, et al.

Cells, 2022 Sep 07;11(18).
PMID: 36139367 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182792

Stem cells are a well-known autologous pluripotent cell source, having excellent potential to develop into specialized cells, such as brain, skin, and bone marrow cells. The oral cavity is reported to be a rich source of multiple types of oral stem cells, including the dental pulp, mucosal soft tissues, periodontal ligament, and apical papilla. Oral stem cells were useful for both the regeneration of soft tissue components in the dental pulp and mineralized structure regeneration, such as bone or dentin, and can be a viable substitute for traditionally used bone marrow stem cells. In recent years, several studies have reported that plant extracts or compounds promoted the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of different oral stem cells. This review is carried out by following the PRISMA guidelines and focusing mainly on the effects of bioactive compounds on oral stem cell-mediated dental, bone, and neural regeneration. It is observed that in recent years studies were mainly focused on the utilization of oral stem cell-mediated regeneration of bone or dental mesenchymal cells, however, the utility of bioactive compounds on oral stem cell-mediated regeneration requires additional assessment beyond in vitro and in vivo studies, and requires more randomized clinical trials and case studies.
Fulltext Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1

Klionsky DJ, Abdel-Aziz AK, Abdelfatah S, Abdellatif M, Abdoli A, Abel S, et al.

Autophagy, 2021 Jan;17(1):1-382.
PMID: 33634751 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.