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  1. Fulltext Electrophoretic protein profiles in seminal plasma and sperm: a comparative study of Bali and Wagyu Bulls
    Maulana T, Hendrawan PA, Sutikno S, Anwar P, Ulum MF, Priyanto R, et al.
    Open Vet J, 2025 May;15(5):2021-2029.
    PMID: 40557106 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.18
    BACKGROUND: Seminal plasma and sperm play vital roles in fertility because they contain various proteins that influence sperm quality and function.

    AIM: This study aimed to compare the protein profiles of seminal plasma and sperm in Bali and Wagyu cattle and evaluate their correlation with fresh semen quality.

    METHODS: The study was conducted at the Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center using 3 Bali and 3 Wagyu superior bulls aged 5-12 years. Sperm motility parameters were analyzed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (IVOS-Hamilton). Sperm were extracted using the PRO-PREPTM Protein Extraction Solution. Sperm and seminal plasma protein concentrations were measured using the BCA protein assay, and 1D SDS-PAGE was used to analyze protein profiles. The gels were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue to visualize protein bands.

    RESULTS: Comparative analysis of semen characteristics, motility parameters, and kinematic parameters between Wagyu and Bali bulls revealed no significant differences. The seminal plasma protein concentrations in Bali bulls and Wagyu did not show a statistically significant difference. The sperm protein concentration in Bali bulls was significantly higher compared to Wagyu. Seminal plasma analysis of Bali bulls showed a diverse protein profile and Wagyu semen plasma had fewer bands, reflecting breed-specific differences. In contrast, sperm analysis of Bali bulls and Wagyu consistently showed heavy protein bands on sperm function and viability.

    CONCLUSION: Bali bulls showed greater variation in spermatozoa protein than Wagyu, with protein differences at molecular weights of 60-63 kDa, 35 kDa, and 18-20 kDa. In addition, a positive correlation was found between the number of motile spermatozoa and the number of straws per ejaculate.

  2. Fulltext Heterochely and handedness in the orange mud crab Scylla olivacea: implication for future culture practice optimisation
    Rozaimi R, Shu-Chien AC, Wang Y, Sutikno S, Ikhwanuddin M, Shi X, et al.
    PeerJ, 2023;11:e15143.
    PMID: 37033733 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15143
    Asymmetric body traits in bilateral organisms are common and serve a range of different functions. In crustaceans, specifically among brachyuran crabs, heterochely and handedness in some species are known to aid in behavioural responses such as food acquisition, and sexual and territorial displays. However, the heterochely of the intertidal mud crab genus Scylla is still poorly understood. This study investigated the cheliped morphometric characteristics of orange mud crab Scylla olivacea and the relation of heterochely and handedness to sex. Scylla olivacea is heterochelous, with predominant right-handed (70.2%). Three morphometric variables, i.e., propodus length (PL), propodus depth (PD), and propodus width (PW) were significantly larger in the right cheliped and the estimated handedness based on these three variables were consistent with the presence of molariform teeth. The effect of sex had no influence on the occurrence of heterochely or handedness. The frequency of left-handedness increased with size, especially in males. We postulate that handedness reversal, a phenomenon seen in other crab species when the dominant hand is lost, also occurs in S. olivacea, thereby resulting in a change in left-handedness frequency. The use of chelipeds by males in mate and territorial defenses might provide an explanation for the higher risk of losing a dominant cheliped and thus, higher left-handedness frequency compared to females. Future behavioural research could shed light on the selective forces that affect the handedness distribution in mud crabs. Knowledge on heterochely and handedness of mud crabs could be useful for future development of less aggressive crab populations by claw reversal and the optimisation of limb autotomy techniques.
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