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  1. Ong T, Bin Syed Ali SA, Sahota O
    Curr Rheumatol Rev, 2021;17(1):109-112.
    PMID: 32867654 DOI: 10.2174/1573397116999200820170559
    INTRODUCTION: There is a lack of robust data on hospitalised acute vertebral fragility fractures. This analysis aimed to report on the number of hospitalised vertebral fragility fractures treated in a large UK teaching hospital. This information would support better design of hospital services and resource allocation to manage this group of patients.

    METHODS: Patients aged 50 years and over hospitalised with a vertebral fragility fracture from 1/2/2016 to 31/1/2017 were identified from radiology and hospital records. Patients sustaining vertebral fractures due to either major trauma or malignancy were excluded. Data was collected on patient demographics, fracture details, hospitalisation details and health outcomes.

    RESULTS: 208 patients with acute vertebral fragility fractures were hospitalised over a 12 month period. The mean (SD) age was 80.5 (11) years, of which 68% were female. 94% presented to the Emergency Department (ED) as their first point of contact, of which 70% were subsequently hospitalised. Two-thirds presented with a single level vertebral fracture predominantly around the thoracolumbar region. The majority (87%) were non-operatively managed by general physicians, of which most were under Geriatric Medicine. The median length of stay was 12 (IQR 6-20) days and inpatient mortality was 3%. 52% of patients went on to have a bone health assessment.

    CONCLUSION: We have reported on the number of patients presenting to hospital with an acute vertebral fragility fracture over 12 months. This helps identify resources needed to design hospital services to manage them adequately.

  2. Syed Ali SA, Ilankoon IMSK, Zhang L, Tan J
    J Hazard Mater, 2024 Aug 17;479:135554.
    PMID: 39232354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135554
    Achieving circularity in the plastic economy predominantly depends on sourcing higher quality recyclates. Packaging plastic poses a significant challenge as it is often not prioritised for collection or recycling initiatives. The presence of additives, such as printing ink, impedes the quality of recyclates. Considering the volume of packaging plastics and the importance of branding (aesthetics and consumer information), ink removal is a critical pre-treatment step. However, the literature is limited, with only 14 studies exploring de-inking processes. Drawing parallels with the detergent laundering process, surfactants have been widely investigated in plastic de-inking, with cationic surfactants proving the most effective with a de-inking efficiency of up to 100%. However, concerns exist regarding the toxic and hazardous nature of the surfactants and chemicals. The average hazard quotient (AHQ) was developed, which compares de-inking chemicals as one of the key findings. AHQ provides a quantitative proxy for the hazards and toxicities, which are qualitatively presented as part of the globally harmonised system (GHS) classification of chemicals. To drive emerging packaging plastic de-inking, including the development of green surfactants (e.g. gamma-valerolactone), this work enables an informed chemical selection minimising potential hazards (rather than creating more adverse effects in plastic recycling processes) and toxicities from plastic waste, fulfilling the objectives of cleaner plastic waste recycling.
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