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  1. Fulltext A significant exploration on meta-heuristic based approaches for optimization in the waste management route problems
    Thakur G, Pal A, Mittal N, Yajid MSA, Gared F
    Sci Rep, 2024 Jun 27;14(1):14853.
    PMID: 38937502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64133-1
    In metropolitan cities, it is very complicated to govern the optimum routes for garbage collection vehicles due to high waste production and very dense population. Furthermore, wrongly designed routes are the source of wasting time, fuel and other resources in the collection of municipal trash procedure. The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) published between 2011 and 2023 was systematically analysed. The majority of the surveyed research compute the waste collecting problems using metaheuristic approaches. This manuscript serves two purposes: first, categorising the VRP and its variants in the field of waste collection; second, examining the role played by most of the metaheuristics in the solution of the VRP problems for a waste collection. Three case study of Asia continent has been analysed and the results show that the metaheuristic algorithms have the capability in providing good results for large-scale data. Lastly, some promising paths ranging from highlighting research gap to future scope are drawn to encourage researchers to conduct their research work in the field of waste management route problems.
  2. Gender differences in the prevalence and psychopathological mechanisms of internet addiction among Iranians aged 18 to 24: A nationwide study
    Hammood YM, Abdullaeva B, Abdullaev D, Sunitha BK, Yajid MSA, Singh A, et al.
    Child Abuse Negl, 2025 Mar 25;163:107428.
    PMID: 40138740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107428
    BACKGROUND: The rapid advancement of technology has revolutionized interaction, learning, and entertainment but also led to Internet addiction, characterized by excessive internet use causing impairment or distress.

    OBJECTIVE: The study explores gender differences in prevalence, risk factors, and clinical aspects of Internet addiction among Iranian youth, highlighting cultural and societal influences.

    METHODS: A nationwide sample of 3149 individuals aged 18 to 24 was categorized into two groups: those with Internet addiction (n = 1040) and those without (n = 2109). Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28, Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Data analyses were conducted using SPSS software version 26, with a significance level set at <0.05.

    RESULTS: Overall prevalence of Internet addiction was found to be 33 %, with a higher incidence in males (63.3 %) compared to females (36.7 %) (χ2 = 13.28, p = 0.001). In men, the severity of Internet addiction was significantly linked to emotional abuse (β = 0.20, p˂0.001), DES (β = 0.39, p˂0.001), and DERS (β = 0.16, p˂0.001) (F(3, 654) = 89.85, p˂0.001, R2 = 0.29); while in women, it was associated with emotional abuse (β = 0.18, p˂0.001) and dissociative experiences (β = 0.16, p˂0.001) (F(2, 379) = 13.70, p˂0.001, R2 = 0.06). The DES partially mediated the relationship between emotional abuse and IAT scores in both genders, whereas DERS only did so in males.

    CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests Internet addiction as a maladaptive coping mechanism for early emotional abuse, highlighting the need for prevention programs and emotion regulation interventions. Future research should consider longitudinal effects and cultural influences.

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