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  1. Ang PS, Yeo SL, Koran L
    Dementia (London), 2023 Apr;22(3):628-645.
    PMID: 36764831 DOI: 10.1177/14713012231155979
    INTRODUCTION: This study examines the underlying visual communication strategies found in existing images of dementia in the public domain. By delineating how experiences of dementia are visualized and their consequent social interpretations, we aim to inform and advocate for a dementia-inclusive visual communication, that is, visual depictions that cultivate and represent a dementia-inclusive society.

    METHODS: The visuals were analyzed by employing the Visual Discourses of Disability (ViDD) framework that juxtaposes the "perspectivizing-personizing" cline with the "enabling-disabling" continuum. The data studied comprise a total of 432 images sourced from three domains, namely (1) The Star, a Malaysian mainstream English newspaper (2012-2021); (2) Alzheimer's Disease Foundation Malaysia (ADFM) website (2019-2021); and (3) the Ministry of Health Malaysia (2019-2021) website. Findings from the visual analyses were corroborated by four representatives of ADFM in a group interview.

    RESULTS: There is a predominance of stigmatized images, constructing dementia as a loss and deficit, thus depicting individuals in distanced suffering. Generic representations of people through stock images, a unique focus on the hands, representations of brain degeneration through abstractions and missing puzzle pieces are also prevalent. Despite these, the interview data confirmed that the perspectivizing aspect may be necessary to educate the public on what dementia entails. While personizing images that depict personhood and actual persons living with dementia are ideal, the use of stock images may be necessary if there is a need to maintain confidentiality and observe sensitivities. Similarly, images with positive emotions are encouraged but disabling ones are equally important to reflect reality and inculcate empathy.

    CONCLUSION: When capturing, selecting and publishing images of dementia, organizations should deliberate on different visual elements which evoke empowerment, advocacy, handicapping and othering implications as outlined in the ViDD framework. Any decision should only be made after considering the purposes of publications and implications such images have on the intended audiences.

  2. Yuen JC, Pang HN, Woo YL, Lo NN, Keng Jin DT, Chia SL, et al.
    Cureus, 2023 Mar;15(3):e36029.
    PMID: 36915400 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36029
    Various metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip replacements (THRs) have been found to have high short-term failure rates due to adverse responses to metal debris (ARMD). As a consequence, several low-performing THRs have been removed off the market. The purpose of this research was to look at the at least five-year outcomes of patients who had MoM hip arthroplasty at our institution. In one specialised centre between 2007 and 2008, 24 Articular Surface Replacement (ASRTM, DePuy, Warsaw, IN, USA) MoM THRs (in 24 patients, mean age: 56.4 years) were implanted. DePuy ASR hip prosthesis for osteoarthritis or hip fractures were employed in the THR system. All patients were summoned back for a clinical assessment, and imaging was done as needed. The average period of follow-up was 8.0 years (6.0-10 years). In all, eight instances (33.3%) were discovered to have pseudotumors, four hips (16.7%) were revised, and one (4.1%) was operated for ARMD. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and Oxford ratings improved statistically significantly five years after surgery in all three areas of pain, disability, and stiffness; however, there was no statistically significant change in the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) (mental) score. MoM hip arthroplasty had a greater revision incidence at five years in our group, presumably owing to the adoption of a smaller femoral head size.
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