MyMedR

Estimation of Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) with Hearing Deterioration Index (HDI)

Zakaria MN, Ismail N, Wahab NA

J Clin Diagn Res, 2016 Aug;10(8):ML01.

PMID: 27656472 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/19658.8292

Fulltext A Consanguinity Related Autosomal Translocation which Leads to Premature Ovarian Failure

Yik MY, Zain MM, Zakaria Z, Yusoff NM

J Clin Diagn Res, 2013 Feb;7(2):355-7.

PMID: 23543039 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/4354.2767

The premature ovarian failures with underlying chromosomal abnormalities are normally X-linked, although their associations with the autosomal and the Robertsonian translocations are also possible. Here, we are reporting a case of premature ovarian failure which was associated with a translocation between the long arm of chromosome 7 at q11.23 and the short arm of chromosome 5 at p15.3. The proband was a 26-year-old Malay woman who presented with premature ovarian failure, who was referred for cytogenetic testing due to the suspicion of a chromosomal anomaly. Her physical examination revealed that she had no abdominal or pelvic masses and that she had normal secondary sexual characteristics. Her medical history as well, revealed no points for concern. However, a consanguineous relationship existed, as the patient's paternal grandmother and maternal grandfather were biological cousins. Our present case indicated that region p15.3 of chromosome 5 and region q11.23 of chromosome 7 possibly carried essential genes for the ovarian function and that they postulated a link between the consanguinity and the chromosomal abnormalities.

Fulltext Dysregulation of Glucose Homeostasis Following Chronic Exogenous Administration of Leptin in Healthy Sprague-Dawley Rats

Wjidan K, Ibrahim E, Caszo B, Gnanou J, Singh H

J Clin Diagn Res, 2015 Dec;9(12):OF06-9.

PMID: 26816939 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/15594.7003

Impaired glucose utilization is seen in chronic hyperleptinaemia associated conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is unclear if this impaired glucose utilization is due to the effect of persistent hyperleptinaemia on insulin secretion from the beta cells of pancreas.

Fulltext Attitudes and opinions of medical students concerning HIV and AIDS in Malaysia: the next steps

Walsh K

J Clin Diagn Res, 2014 Oct;8(10):XL01.

PMID: 25478434 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/10464.5010

Comment on: Verma RK, Wong S, Chakravarthi S, Barua A. An Assessment of the Level of Awareness, Attitudes, and Opinions of the Medical Students Concerning HIV and AIDS in Malaysia. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(4):HC10–13

Fulltext Obesity and overweight management in malaysia and singapore: progress on right track

Verma RK, Chua G, David SR

J Clin Diagn Res, 2013 Dec;7(12):3124-5.

PMID: 24551750 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/7860.3883

Fulltext An assessment of the level of awareness, attitudes, and opinions of the medical students concerning HIV and AIDS in Malaysia

Verma RK, Wong S, Chakravarthi S, Barua A

J Clin Diagn Res, 2014 Apr;8(4):HC10-3.

PMID: 24959464 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/7829.4286

INTRODUCTION:Human Immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has become one of the most serious health problems in the world. Medical students awareness, attitudes and opinions must be assessed as they are leading health care professionals who provide treatment and care to the HIV and AIDS individuals. This survey was conducted to assess the level of awareness, attitudes and opinions of third year till fifth year medical students concerning HIV and AIDS from universities around Klang Valley area, Malaysia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 327 medical students of third to fifth been took part in the survey. Self prepared and self validated questionnaire was used to assess the study outcomes. Students were asked to fill the consent forms before filling the questionnaires. The results were analyzed by using SPSS version 17. A cross-sectional study among medical students was performed. Data was analyzed with non-parametric spearman's correlation test to find the difference at p-value < 0.05.
RESULTS: A great majority knew that HIV can be spread via tattoo or body piercing (89.3%), from mother to child (97.9%), being a homosexual (93.3%) and even having circumcision for protection (71.9%). Also, they were aware that HIV cannot be transferred via sneezing and cough (95.1%), swimming pools (89.0%), and toilet seats (89.6%). However, only a few were aware of other modes of transmission, such as visiting the barbers (41.3%) , and having blood splashed on outer body surface including mouth and eyes (49.2%). Only a few negative attitudes were shown such as being unsure about keeping close vicinity to HIV patients and being unsure of whether HIV negative people should be allowed to marry HIV positive patients (median=3).
CONCLUSION: An optimal plan of education with awareness campaign and preclinical experiences should be made in the future curriculum to increase the knowledge, confidence and minimize phobia among students.
KEYWORDS: Cross-sectional study; Prevention; Transmission
Study site: Two universities in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Fulltext Anatomical abnormalities in multiple permanent teeth

Venkataraghavan K, Shah V, Choudhary P, Trivedi K, Shah S

J Clin Diagn Res, 2015 Apr;9(4):ZJ05-6.

PMID: 26023664 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/11663.5842

Evaluation of Xerostomia in Different Psychological Disorders: An Observational Study

Veerabhadrappa SK, Chandrappa PR, Patil S, Roodmal SY, Kumarswamy A, Chappi MK

J Clin Diagn Res, 2016 Sep;10(9):ZC24-ZC27.

PMID: 27790574

Psychiatric diseases like anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are increasing at an alarming rate. These diseases can affect the quantity and quality of saliva leading to multiple oral diseases. Although many researchers have evaluated xerostomia in general population, its prevalence is not been assessed in patients suffering from different psychological disorders.

Bladder Adenocarcinoma: A Persisting Diagnostic Dilemma

Vasudevan G, Bishnu A, Singh BMK, Nayak DM, Jain P

J Clin Diagn Res, 2017 Mar;11(3):ER01-ER04.

PMID: 28511402 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/24590.9536

Primary urinary Bladder Adenocarcinoma (PBA) is an uncommon neoplasm and can cause diagnostic difficulties due to histologic similarities with adenocarcinomas of adjacent structures like Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) and prostate, since involvement of the bladder by metastasis or direct spread can occur. Seven cases of bladder adenocarcinomas were diagnosed during a period of four years in a tertiary care hospital. Patient's age ranged from 26-78 years with a male predilection. Three cases were signet ring type adenocarcinomas, two cases were subtyped as enteric variant, one as mucinous variant and one as adenocarcinoma Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) variant. One case showed urachal involvement. Common site of involvement was the base and posterior wall of the bladder. Three cases had prior history of GIT malignancy. No morphologic difference was identified to differentiate primary from secondary adenocarcinomas. Bladder adenocarcinoma is rare tumours. Primary and secondary adenocarcinomas cannot be distinguished from each other on morphologic grounds. Ancillary studies may have limited role in distinguishing between the two. Hence, clinical correlation has a major role in their evaluation.

Fulltext Association of parental origin with clinical profile in klinefelter syndrome

Vallabhajosyula R, Rajangam S, C L

J Clin Diagn Res, 2015 Mar;9(3):GC01-3.

PMID: 25954632 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/8291.5612

INTRODUCTION: Several genomic imprinting mechanisms have been postulated to report the parent-of-origin in Klinefelter syndrome. It was stated in the literature, parental origin has an effect on behavioral phenotype of Klinefelter individuals, but the association of the same on clinical profile was less reported. The detailed clinical phenotype when studied with the known origin of extra X may possibly explain the imprinting effect that may be helpful to derive diagnostic criteria in the syndrome. In the present study, we investigated the parental-of-origin of extra X chromosome in Klinefelter syndrome probands with an aim to report the association between the phenotype with that of its karyotype and the parental origin of supernumerary X.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy two probands that were referred to division of Human Genetics, St.John's Medical College, Bangalore with variable complaints and phenotypic features were diagnosed with informed consent as Klinefelter syndrome with a confirmed karyotype. The Karyotype was prepared by peripheral lymphocyte culture and GTG banding method. The parental origin was studied in 9 families of Klinefelter probands with standard protocol for GENE SCAN using X-chromosome specific Short Tandem Repeat markers. The outcome was analyzed to determine the parental origin by GENE MAPPER.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS was conducted to ascertain the significance of parental origin of supernumerary X with the phenotypic profile with confirmed karyotype.

RESULTS: Seven of nine probands had 47, XXY karyotype and 2 were mosaic with 47,XXY/46,XY karyotype. Five probands had their supernumerary X from maternal side and four were paternally derived. Sixteen features as framed proforma were tabulated against the originated X in Klinefelter probands. 55.56% of Klinefelter stigmata were seen in prob and who had maternally derived X and the rest were with paternal X.

CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study points on parent-of-origin effect on clinical profile and indicate that the imprinted X chromosome genes show differential effect general and systemic traits.

Fulltext Accidental injection of formalin: case report of severe negligence in dental office

Vaka RB, Chidambaram R, Nidudur SR, Reddy GC

J Clin Diagn Res, 2014 Nov;8(11):ZL01-2.

PMID: 25584343 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/10820.5153

Fulltext Bone Forming Potential of An-Organic Bovine Bone Graft: A Cone Beam CT study

Uzbek UH, Rahman SA, Alam MK, Gillani SW

J Clin Diagn Res, 2014 Dec;8(12):ZC73-6.

PMID: 25654037 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/8557.5352

An-organic bovine bone graft is a xenograft with the potential of bone formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone density using cone beam computed tomography scans around functional endosseous implant in the region of both augmented maxillary sinus with the an-organic bovine bone graft and the alveolar bone over which the graft was placed to provide space for the implants.

Fulltext Unusual Presentation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma into Right iliac fossa: A Rare Entity

Uthamalingam M, Periyasamy K

J Clin Diagn Res, 2015 Nov;9(11):PD11-2.

PMID: 26672490 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/14627.6805

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant hepatic tumour. Hepatocellular carcinoma presenting itself or extending into the right iliac fossa (RIF) is a very rare entity. We report on a rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma in a 60-year-old lady, presented with a mobile mass in the lower abdomen without cirrhosis, with normal α-feto protein levels (AFP) or any known risk factors for liver disease. HCC in this case was unusual in its presentation both in the patient as well as a disease.

Fulltext Scalp Haematoma in Cerebral Palsy Case due to Unknown Cause - A Rare Case Report

Uthamalingam M, Singh DS

J Clin Diagn Res, 2016 Jun;10(6):PD05-6.

PMID: 27504347 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/18761.7965

Incidences of cerebral palsy (CP) in children are not quite common even though it is the most common motor disorder in children. Further quality of life in CP cases is not so good in young adult stages and has to face certain problems. However scalp haematoma formation in CP patient without injury to head is rarely been reported. The case is being reported for the first time from Malaysia. We report on a unique case of scalp haematoma in an 18-year-old girl of known CP patient with unknown cause. No history of trauma or fall with any of the focal neurological signs or symptoms was found. Clinical examination showed soft boggy swelling of 8 x 10 cm size, involving most of scalp and upper face. CT - scan showed scalp haematoma with right orbital extraconal lesion. She underwent incision and drainage of scalp lesion; consequently around 100 ml of clotted blood came out. At follow-up she was doing well.

Fulltext Paget's Disease of Nipple in Male Breast with Cancer

Uthamalingam M, Periyasamy K

J Clin Diagn Res, 2016 Feb;10(2):PD14-6.

PMID: 27042526 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/17778.7217

Carcinoma of the male breast accounts for less than 0.5% of all cases of breast cancer. However, Paget's disease of nipple in male is extremely rare. We report on a case of Paget's disease of nipple with breast cancer in a 51-year-old gentleman. He presented with a ulcerative lesion and lump in the left breast beneath the nipple-areolar region with single mobile ipsilateral central group of axillary nodes. Modified radical mastectomy was performed. On follow up, patient was doing well with no recurrence.

Fulltext Poor tolerance of motor cortex rTMS in chronic migraine

Teo WP, Kannan A, Loh PK, Chew E, Sharma VK, Chan YC

J Clin Diagn Res, 2014 Sep;8(9):MM01-2.

PMID: 25386478 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/9377.4886

BACKGROUND: Two small studies had evaluated the efficacy of rTMS in migraine. One tested high frequency rTMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while the other evaluated 1 Hz rTMS over the vertex.
AIM: To test the feasibility of 10 Hz rTMS of motor cortex as an adjunctive therapy in patients with chronic migraine
Materials and Methods: We randomized (2:1 ratio) chronic migraine patients on medical preventive treatment to receive either rTMS or sham therapy for 10 sessions. rTMS (80% resting motor threshold, 10Hz, 20 trains, 5 secs/train, inter-train interval 1 min, total 1000 stimuli/session) was applied over the right motor cortex.
RESULT: Nine patients were randomized. Six received rTMS and three had sham therapy. Three patients in the rTMS arm withdrew from the study due to increased headache frequency and discomfort from the treatment. The remaining six cases (3 rTMS, 3 sham) completed the study. The study was prematurely stopped due to the significant worsening of headache from rTMS. No significant differences in outcome measures were found between real and sham rTMS.
CONCLUSION: Although the study was terminated prematurely, the high dropout rate (50%) due to worsening headaches suggested that rTMS over the motor cortex is poorly tolerated in chronic migraine.
KEYWORDS: Adverse effect; Central sensitization; Chronic migraine; Cortical excitability; Headache; rTMS
Study site: Neuroscience clinic of National University Hospital, Singapore

Fulltext Media Matter: The Effect of Medium of Presentation on Student's Recognition of Histopathology

Telang A, Jong N, Dalen JV

J Clin Diagn Res, 2016 Dec;10(12):JC01-JC05.

PMID: 28208881 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/22208.8969

Pathology teaching has undergone transformation with the introduction of virtual microscopy as a teaching and learning tool.

Fulltext Superficial Ulnar Artery Associated with Anomalous Origin of the Common Interosseous and Ulnar Recurrent Arteries

Sirasanagandla SR, Pamidi N, Nayak SB, Jetti R, Thangarajan R

J Clin Diagn Res, 2016 May;10(5):AD01-2.

PMID: 27437201 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/8638.7776

Occurrence of vascular variations in the upper limb is not uncommon and is well described in the medical literature. However, occurrence of superficial ulnar artery associated with unusual origin of the common interosseous and ulnar recurrent arteries is seldom reported in the literature. In the present case, we report the anomalous origin of common trunk of common interosseous, anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent arteries from the radial artery, in a male cadaver. Further, ulnar artery had presented superficial course. Knowledge of anomalous arterial pattern in the cubital fossa reported here is clinically important during the angiographic procedures and plastic surgeries.

Fulltext Imaging and Serological-Evidence of Neurocysticercosis Among Patients with Seizures in Odisha, an Unexplored Eastern Coastal Province in India

Sahu PS, Patro S, Jena PK, Swain SK, Das BK

J Clin Diagn Res, 2015 May;9(5):DC06-10.

PMID: 26155476 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/12609.5967

Neurocysticercosis being a potential to human transmitted disease, is the major cause of seizures and a public health problem in tropical countries. Though India is known to be highly endemic, there are many provinces where reports are still unavailable thereby underestimating its actual burden.

Fulltext Salivary Anti-50 kDa Antibodies as a Useful Biomarker for Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever

Redhuan NEM, Chin KL, Adnan AS, Ismail A, Balaram P, Phua KK

J Clin Diagn Res, 2017 Jun;11(6):DC10-DC13.

PMID: 28764158 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/21928.10055

INTRODUCTION: Typhoid fever remains a scourge of humanity, especially in developing and under-developed countries due to poor sanitation and food hygiene. Diagnostic methods available for detection of this disease are not satisfactory due to a lack of sensitive, specific, rapid and convenient diagnostic test kits available in the market.

AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of a Dot-EIA method for Ig-class specific salivary antibody detection for diagnosis of typhoid fever.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paired saliva and serum samples were collected in the year 2010 from patients and normal volunteers in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, which is endemic for typhoid fever. A total of 11 culture-confirmed typhoid fever patients, 43 non-typhoid fever patients and 53 normal human control subjects were evaluated for antibodies against a 50 kDa antigen specific for Salmonella Typhi using Dot-EIA.

RESULTS: Ig class-specific screening of the test samples showed a higher sensitivity for IgA (90.9%) compared to either IgG (72.7%) or IgM (72.7%) antibodies in saliva, but for serum, IgG (90.9%) had a higher degree of sensitivity compared to IgA (36.4%) and IgM (63.6%). Combining all isotypes (IgA, IgG or IgM), serum showed a higher sensitivity (100.0%) compared to saliva (90.9%). Also, the specificity for serum (100.0%) was much higher than saliva (85.4%).

CONCLUSION: Salivary IgA anti-50kDa antibody was found to be more suitable biomarker for routine screening, whereas serum IgG was more suitable for confirmatory test as it has higher specificity. Nevertheless, salivary IgA Dot-EIA is a convenient method for rapid testing, such as for Point-of-Care Diagnostics (POCD) and field epidemiological studies, due to its non-invasive nature and ease of use.

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