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  1. Fulltext Protective effect of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced toxicity in PC12 cells
    Tang KS
    Lipids Health Dis, 2014 Dec 19;13:197.
    PMID: 25522984 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-13-197
    BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is being characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway in the brain. The protective effect of omega-6 fatty acids is unclear. There are lots of contradictions in the literature with regard to the cytoprotective role of arachidonic acid. To date, there is no solid evidence that shows the protective role of omega-6 fatty acids in Parkinson's disease. In the current study, the potential of two omega-6 fatty acids (i.e. arachidonic acid and linoleic acid) in alleviating 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells was examined.

    METHODS: Cultured PC12 cells were either treated with MPP+ alone or co-treated with one of the omega-6 fatty acids for 1 day. Cell viability was then assessed by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

    RESULTS: Cells treated with 500 μM MPP+ for a day reduced cell viability to ~70% as compared to control group. Linoleic acid (50 and 100 μM) significantly reduced MPP+-induced cell death back to ~85-90% of the control value. The protective effect could be mimicked by arachidonic acid, but not by ciglitazone.

    CONCLUSIONS: Both linoleic acid and arachidonic acid are able to inhibit MPP+-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. The protection is not mediated via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Overall, the results suggest the potential role of omega-6 fatty acids in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

    Matched MeSH terms: Arachidonic Acid/pharmacology*
  2. Fulltext Inhibition of Human Platelet Aggregation and Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation by Premna foetida Extract and Its Major Compounds
    Dianita R, Jantan I
    Molecules, 2019 Apr 13;24(8).
    PMID: 31013947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081469
    Many Premna species have been used in traditional medicine to treat hypertension and cardiac insufficiency, and as a tonic for cardiac-related problems. Some have been reported to possess cardiovascular protective activity through several possible mechanisms, but not Premna foetida. In the present study, the methanol extract of P. foetida leaves (PFM) and its isolated compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit copper-mediated human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and arachidonic acid (AA)- and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation. Six flavonoids, three triterpenoids, vanillic acid and stigmasterol were successfully isolated from PFM. Of the isolated compounds, quercetin was the most active against LDL oxidation (IC50 4.25 µM). The flavonols were more active than the flavones against LDL oxidation, suggesting that hydroxyl group at C-3 and the catechol moiety at B-ring may play important roles in protecting LDL from oxidation. Most tested flavonoids showed stronger inhibition towards AA-induced than the ADP-induced platelet aggregation with apigenin exhibiting the strongest effect (IC50 52.3 and 127.4 µM, respectively) while quercetin and kaempferol showed moderate activity. The results suggested that flavonoids, especially quercetin, apigenin and kaempferol were among the major constituents of P. foetida responsible for anti-LDL oxidation and anti-platelet aggregation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arachidonic Acid/pharmacology
  3. Fulltext Inhibitory effects of phylligenin and quebrachitol isolated from Mitrephora vulpina on platelet activating factor receptor binding and platelet aggregation
    Moharam BA, Jantan I, Jalil J, Shaari K
    Molecules, 2010 Nov 03;15(11):7840-8.
    PMID: 21060292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15117840
    Phylligenine, together with quebrachitol, stigmasterol and two aporphine alkaloids--oxoputerine and liriodenine--were isolated from the twigs of Mitrephora vulpina C.E.C. Fisch. They were evaluated for their ability to inhibit platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor binding to rabbit platelets using 3H-PAF as a ligand and their antiplatelet aggregation effect in human whole blood induced by arachidonic acid (AA), collagen and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Of all the compounds tested, phylligenin and quebrachitol exhibited potent and concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on PAF receptor binding, with IC(50) values of 13.1 and 42.2 µM, respectively. The IC(50) value of phylligenin was comparable to that of cedrol (10.2 µM), a potent PAF antagonist. Phylligenin also showed strong dose-dependent inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation induced by AA and ADP.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arachidonic Acid/pharmacology
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