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Fulltext Resource security impacts men's female breast size preferences

Swami V, Tovée MJ

PLoS One, 2013;8(3):e57623.
PMID: 23483919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057623

It has been suggested human female breast size may act as signal of fat reserves, which in turn indicates access to resources. Based on this perspective, two studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that men experiencing relative resource insecurity should perceive larger breast size as more physically attractive than men experiencing resource security. In Study 1, 266 men from three sites in Malaysia varying in relative socioeconomic status (high to low) rated a series of animated figures varying in breast size for physical attractiveness. Results showed that men from the low socioeconomic context rated larger breasts as more attractive than did men from the medium socioeconomic context, who in turn perceived larger breasts as attractive than men from a high socioeconomic context. Study 2 compared the breast size judgements of 66 hungry versus 58 satiated men within the same environmental context in Britain. Results showed that hungry men rated larger breasts as significantly more attractive than satiated men. Taken together, these studies provide evidence that resource security impacts upon men's attractiveness ratings based on women's breast size.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast/anatomy & histology*
Fulltext Computer aided detection of breast density and mass, and visualization of other breast anatomical regions on mammograms using graph cuts

Saidin N, Mat Sakim HA, Ngah UK, Shuaib IL

Comput Math Methods Med, 2013;2013:205384.
PMID: 24106523 DOI: 10.1155/2013/205384

Breast cancer mostly arises from the glandular (dense) region of the breast. Consequently, breast density has been found to be a strong indicator for breast cancer risk. Therefore, there is a need to develop a system which can segment or classify dense breast areas. In a dense breast, the sensitivity of mammography for the early detection of breast cancer is reduced. It is difficult to detect a mass in a breast that is dense. Therefore, a computerized method to separate the existence of a mass from the glandular tissues becomes an important task. Moreover, if the segmentation results provide more precise demarcation enabling the visualization of the breast anatomical regions, it could also assist in the detection of architectural distortion or asymmetry. This study attempts to segment the dense areas of the breast and the existence of a mass and to visualize other breast regions (skin-air interface, uncompressed fat, compressed fat, and glandular) in a system. The graph cuts (GC) segmentation technique is proposed. Multiselection of seed labels has been chosen to provide the hard constraint for segmentation of the different parts. The results are promising. A strong correlation (r = 0.93) was observed between the segmented dense breast areas detected and radiological ground truth.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast/anatomy & histology
Optimal beam quality selection based on contrast-to-noise ratio and mean glandular dose in digital mammography

Aminah M, Ng KH, Abdullah BJ, Jamal N

Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, 2010 Dec;33(4):329-34.
PMID: 20938762 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-010-0035-3

The performance of a digital mammography system (Siemens Mammomat Novation) using different target/filter combinations and tube voltage has been assessed. The objective of this study is to optimize beam quality selection based on contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and mean glandular dose (MGD). Three composition of breast were studied with composition of glandular/adipose of 30/70, 50/50, and 70/30. CNR was measured using 2, 4 and 6 cm-thick simulated breast phantoms with an aluminium sheet of 0.1 mm thickness placed on top of the phantom. Three target/filter combinations, namely molybdenum/molybdenum (Mo/Mo), molybdenum/rhodium (Mo/Rh) and tungsten/rhodium (W/Rh) with various tube voltage and mAs were tested. MGD was measured for each exposure. For 50/50 breast composition, Mo/Rh combination with tube voltage 26 kVp is optimal for 2 cm-thick breast. W/Rh combination with tube voltage 27 and 28 kVp are optimal for 4 and 6 cm-thick breast, respectively. For both 30/70 and 70/30 breast composition, W/Rh combination is optimal with tube voltage 25, 26 and 27 kVp, respectively. From our study it was shown that there are potential of dose reduction up to 11% for a set CNR of 3.0 by using beam quality other than that are determined by AEC selection. Under the constraint of lowest MGD, for a particular breast composition, calcification detection is optimized by using a softer X-ray beam for thin breast and harder X-ray beam for thick breast. These experimental results also indicate that for breast with high fibroglandular tissues (70/30), the use of higher beam quality does not always increase calcification detection due to additional structured noise caused by the fibroglandular tissues itself.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast/anatomy & histology
Mammographic breast glandularity in Malaysian women: data derived from radiography

Jamal N, Ng KH, McLean D, Looi LM, Moosa F

AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2004 Mar;182(3):713-7.
PMID: 14975974

This study was undertaken to estimate mammographic breast glandularity in Malaysian women from radiographic data.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast/anatomy & histology*
Development and psychometric evaluation of the breast size satisfaction scale

Pahlevan Sharif S

Int J Health Care Qual Assur, 2017 Oct 09;30(8):717-727.
PMID: 28958201 DOI: 10.1108/IJHCQA-12-2016-0190

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and evaluate psychometrically an instrument named the Breast Size Satisfaction Scale (BSSS) to assess breast size satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach The present scale was developed using a set of 16 computer-generated 3D images of breasts to overcome some of the limitations of existing instruments. The images were presented to participants and they were asked to select the figure that most accurately depicted their actual breast size and the figure that most closely represented their ideal breast size. Breast size satisfaction was computed by subtracting the absolute value of the difference between ideal and actual perceived size from 16, such that higher values indicate greater breast size satisfaction. Findings Study 1 ( n=65 female undergraduate students) showed good test-retest reliability and study 2 ( n=1,000 Iranian women, aged 18 years and above) provided support for convergent validity using a nomological network approach. Originality/value The BSSS demonstrated good psychometric properties and thus can be used in future studies to assess breast size satisfaction among women.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast/anatomy & histology*
Breast size dissatisfaction, but not body dissatisfaction, is associated with breast self-examination frequency and breast change detection in British women

Swami V, Furnham A

Body Image, 2018 Mar;24:76-81.
PMID: 29304438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.12.004

Studies examining associations between body image and breast self-examination (BSE) have returned mixed findings, but this may be a function of focusing on global body image. Here, we examined the impact of breast size dissatisfaction specifically on BSE and behaviours in relation to breast change detection. A total of 384 British women completed measures of breast size dissatisfaction, body dissatisfaction, BSE frequency, confidence in detecting breast change, and delay in contacting their doctor upon detecting a breast change. Regression analyses indicated that greater breast size dissatisfaction, but not body dissatisfaction, was significantly associated with less frequent BSE and lower confidence in detecting breast change. Both breast size and body dissatisfaction were significantly associated with greater delay in consulting a doctor following breast change, but the former was the stronger predictor. These findings suggest that improving breast size satisfaction may be a useful means of promoting improved breast awareness and self-examination.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast/anatomy & histology*
A Brief Review on Breast Carcinoma and Deliberation on Current Non Invasive Imaging Techniques for Detection

Vairavan R, Abdullah O, Retnasamy PB, Sauli Z, Shahimin MM, Retnasamy V

Curr Med Imaging Rev, 2019;15(2):85-121.
PMID: 31975658 DOI: 10.2174/1573405613666170912115617

BACKGROUND: Breast carcinoma is a life threatening disease that accounts for 25.1% of all carcinoma among women worldwide. Early detection of the disease enhances the chance for survival.
DISCUSSION: This paper presents comprehensive report on breast carcinoma disease and its modalities available for detection and diagnosis, as it delves into the screening and detection modalities with special focus placed on the non-invasive techniques and its recent advancement work done, as well as a proposal on a novel method for the application of early breast carcinoma detection.
CONCLUSION: This paper aims to serve as a foundation guidance for the reader to attain bird's eye understanding on breast carcinoma disease and its current non-invasive modalities.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast/anatomy & histology